Bibliography of paraphrasing

1. Conferences (会議) †

[Text-To-Text, 2011] †

Workshop on Monolingual Text-To-Text Generation. ACL Anthology, 2011.

[TextInfer, 2011] †

Workshop on Textual Entailment. -, 2011.

[TextInfer, 2009] †

ACL/IJCNLP 2009 Workshop on Applied Textual Inference. ACL Anthology, 2009.

[WTEP, 2007] †

The ACL-PASCAL Workshop on Textual Entailment and Paraphrasing. ACL Anthology, 2007.

[ACLWS, 2005] †

ACL2005 Workshop on Empirical Modeling of Semantic Equivalence and Entailment. ACL Anthology, 2005.

[IWP, 2005] †

The 3rd International Workshop on Paraphrasing (IWP2005). ACL Anthology, 2005.

[IWP, 2003] †

The 2nd International Workshop on Paraphrasing: Paraphrase Acquisition and Applications (IWP2003). ACL Anthology, 2003.

[NLPRSWS, 2001] †

NLPRS Workshop on Automatic Paraphrasing: Theories and Applications. -, 2001.

[言ワ, 2001] †

言語処理学会第7回年次大会併設ワークショップ「言い換え／パラフレーズの自動化」. -, 2001.

2. Survey (解説) †

[Ho et al, 2014] †

ChukFong Ho, Masrah Azrifah Azmi Murad, Shyamala Doraisamy, and Rabiah Abdul Kadir. Extracting Lexical and Phrasal Paraphrases: A Review of the Literature. Artificial Intelligence Review, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 851-894, 2014.

[Androutsopoulos and Malakasiotis, 2010] †

Ion Androutsopoulos and Prodromos Malakasiotis. A Survey of Paraphrasing and Textual Entailment Methods. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, Vol. 38, pp. 135-187, 2010.

[Madnani and Dorr, 2010] †

Nitin Madnani and Bonnie Dorr. Generating Phrasal & Sentential Paraphrases: A Survey of Data-Driven Methods. Computational Linguistics, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 341-387, 2010.

[乾, 2007] †

乾健太郎. 自然言語処理と言い換え. 日本語学, Vol. 26, No. 11, pp. 50-59, 2007.

[乾ら, 2004] †

乾健太郎, 藤田篤. 言い換え技術に関する研究動向. 自然言語処理, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 151-198, 2004.

[Hirst, 2003] †

Graeme Hirst. Paraphrasing Paraphrased. [IWP, 2003], pp. Invited talk, 2003.

[乾, 2002] †

乾健太郎. 言語表現を言い換える技術. 言語処理学会第8回年次大会チュートリアル, pp. 1-21, 2002.

[佐藤, 2001] †

佐藤理史. なぜ言い換え／パラフレーズを研究するのか. [言ワ, 2001], pp. 1-2, 2001.

[山本, 2001] †

山本和英. 換言処理の現状と課題. [言ワ, 2001], pp. 93-96, 2001.

3. Socio-linguistic analysis (言い換えという行為の分析) †

[和泉ら, 2005] †

和泉絵美, 内元清貴, 井佐原均. 学習者コーパスからの表現のバリエーションの抽出と言い換えストラテジー指導への利用. 自然言語処理, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 193-210, 2005.

[森口, 2001] †

森口稔. 何のための「言い換え」か 〜読者の視点からのアプローチ. [言ワ, 2001], pp. 27-30, 2001.

[国広, 2000] †

国広哲弥. 人はなぜ言葉を言い換えるか. 言語, Vol. 29, No. 10, pp. 20-25, 2000.

[川村, 2000] †

川村珠巨. 言語生成プロセスの一視点 -命題を言い換えるというコミュニケーション方略について-. 大阪府立工業高等専門学校研究紀要, Vol. 34, pp. 77-82, 2000.

[高塚, 1999] †

高塚成信. コミュニケーション方略としての「言い換え」 -その指導内容と方法に関する基礎的研究-. 岡山大学教育学部研究集録, Vol. 第110号, pp. 1-12, 1999.

[蒲谷, 1985] †

蒲谷宏. 文章内における言い換えについて: 接続語句による言い換えを中心に. 国語学研究, pp. 92-101, 1985.

[蒲谷, 1982] †

蒲谷宏. 「言い換え」に関する基礎的考察: 「換言論」の提唱. 国語学 研究と資料, Vol. 6, pp. 70-78, 1982.

4. Linguistic analysis (言い換えに関連する言語学的な分析) †

[Recasens and Vila, 2010] †

Marta Recasens and Marta Vila. Squibs: On Paraphrase and Coreference. Computational Linguistics, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 639-647, 2010.

[小野, 2007] †

小野経男. 英語類義動詞の構文事典. 大修館書店, 2007.

[Levin and Rappaport Hovav, 2005] †

Beth Levin and Malka Rappaport Hovav. Argument realization. Cambridge Press, 2005.

[影山, 2001] †

影山太郎. 日英対照 動詞の意味と構文. 大修館書店, 2001.

[金水ら, 2000] †

金水敏, 工藤真由美, 沼田善子. 時・否定と取り立て. 岩波書店, 2000.

[影山, 1996] †

影山太郎. 動詞意味論: 言語と認知の接点. くろしお出版, 1996.

[宮島ら, 1995a] †

宮島達夫, 仁田義雄. 日本語類義表現の文法（上）単文編. くろしお出版, 1995.

[宮島ら, 1995b] †

宮島達夫, 仁田義雄. 日本語類義表現の文法（下）複文・連文編. くろしお出版, 1995.

[砂川, 1995] †

砂川有里子. 日本語における分裂文の機能と語順の原理. 仁田義雄(編) 複文の研究(下), くろしお出版, pp. 353-388, 1995.

[森田, 1994] †

森田良行. 動詞の意味論的文法研究. 明治書院, 1994.

[Levin, 1993] †

Beth Levin. English verb classes and alternations: a preliminary investigation. The University Chicago Press, 1993.

[Walker, 1993] †

Marilyn A. Walker. When given information is accented: repetition, paraphrase and inference in dialogue. In Proceedings of Linguistics Society of America Annual Meeting, pp. xxx-xxx, 1993.

[益岡ら, 1992] †

益岡隆志, 田窪行則. 基礎日本語文法（改訂版）. くろしお出版, 1992.

[村木, 1991] †

村木新次郎. 日本語動詞の諸相. ひつじ書房, 1991.

[益岡ら, 1989] †

益岡隆志, 田窪行則. 基礎日本語文法. くろしお出版, 1989.

5. Typology of paraphrases (言い換えの列挙と分類) †

[Kovatchev et al., 2018] †

Venelin Kovatchev, M. Antònia Martí, and Maria Salam&oacue;. ETPC: A Paraphrase Identification Corpus Annotated with Extended Paraphrase Typology and Negation. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1384-1392, 2018.

[Miyata and Fujita, 2017] †

Rei Miyata and Atsushi Fujita. Dissecting Human Pre-Editing toward Better Use of Off-the-Shelf Machine Translation Systems. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT), User studies papers, pp. 54-59, 2017.

[宮田ら, 2017] †

宮田玲, 藤田篤. 機械翻訳向けプリエディットの有効性と多様性の調査. 通訳翻訳研究への招待, Vol. 18, pp. 53-72, 2017.

[Vila et al., 2014a] †

Marta Vila, M. Antònia Martí, and Horacio Rodríguez. Is This a Paraphrase? What Kind? Paraphrase Boundaries and Typology. Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, Vol. 2014, No. 4, pp. 205-218, 2014.

[Bhagat and Hovy, 2013] †

Rahul Bhagat and Eduard Hovy. Squibs: What Is a Paraphrase?. Computational Linguistics, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 463-472, 2013.

[Vila et al., 2011] †

Marta Vila, M. Antònia Martí, and Horacio Rodríguez. Paraphrase Concept and Typology: A Linguistically Based and Computationally Oriented Approach. Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, No. 46, pp. 83-90, 2011.

[Fujita, 2005] †

Atsushi Fujita. Automatic Generation of Syntactically Well-formed and Semantically Appropriate Paraphrases. Ph.D. Thesis, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 2005.

[Dorr et al., 2004] †

Bonnie J. Dorr, Rebecca Green, Lori Levin, Owen Rambow, David Farwell, Nizar Habash, Stephen Helmreich, Eduard Hovy, Keith J. Miller, Teruko Mitamura, Florence Reeder, and Advaith Siddharthan. Semantic Annotation and Lexico-syntactic Paraphrase. In Proceedings of the LREC Workshop on Building Lexical Resources from Semantically Annotated Corpora, pp. 47-52, 2004.

[Kozlowski et al., 2003] †

Raymond Kozlowski and Kathleen F. MaCoy and K. Vijay-Shanker. Generation of Single-sentence Paraphrases from Predicate/argument Structure Using Lexico-grammatical Resources. [IWP, 2003], pp. 1-8, 2003.

[Dras, 1999a] †

Mark Dras. Tree Adjoining Grammar and the Reluctant Paraphrasing of Text. Ph.D. Thesis, Macquarie University, Australia, 1999.

[Show/Hide misc]

6. Paraphrasing models (言い換えの計算モデル) †

6.a. Architecture (アーキテクチャ) †

[Chen et al., 2019] †

Mingda Chen, Qingming Tang, Sam Wiseman, and Kevin Gimpel. Controllable Paraphrase Generation with a Syntactic Exemplar. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 5972-5984, 2019.

[Hu et al., 2019] †

J. Edward Hu, Rachel Rudinger, Matt Post, and Benjamin Van Durme. ParaBank: Monlingual Bitext Generation and Sentential Paraphrasing via Lexically-constrained NMT. In Proceedings of the 33rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 2019.

[Huang et al., 2019] †

Shaohan Huang, Yu Wu, Furu Wei, and Zhongzhi Luan. Dictionary-Guided Editing Networks for Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 33rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 2019.

[Kajiwara, 2019] †

Tomoyuki Kajiwara. Negative Lexically Constrained Decoding for Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 6047-6052, 2019.

[Kim et al., 2019] †

Seonhoon Kim, Inho Kang, and Nojun Kwak. Semantic Sentence Matching with Densely-connected Recurrent and Co-attentive Information. In Proceedings of the 33rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 2019.

[Kumar et al., 2019] †

Ashutosh Kumar, Satwik Bhattamishra, Manik Bhandari, and Partha Talukdar. Submodular Optimization-based Diverse Paraphrasing and its Effectiveness in Data Augmentation. In Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 3609-3619, 2019.

[Park et al., 2019] †

Sunghyun Park, Seungwon Hwang, Fuxiang Chen, Jaegul Choo, Jung-Woo Ha, and Sunghun Kim. Paraphrase Diversification as Guided Style Transfer. In Proceedings of the 33rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 2019.

[Roy and Grangier, 2019] †

Aurko Roy and David Grangier. Unsupervised Paraphrasing without Translation. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 6033-6039, 2019.

[Zhang et al., 2019] †

Yuan Zhang, Jason Baldridge, and Luheng He. PAWS: Paraphrase Adversaries from Word Scrambling. In Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 1298-1308, 2019.

[Chu et al., 2018] †

Chenhui Chu, Mayu Otani, and Yuta Nakashima. iParaphrasing: Extracting Visually Grounded Paraphrases via an Image. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 3479-3492, 2018.

[Colin and Gardent, 2018] †

Emilie Colin and Claire Gardent. Generating Syntactic Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 937-943, 2018.

[Gong et al., 2018] †

Yichen Gong, Heng Luo, and Jian Zhang. Natural Language Inference over Interaction Space. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), pp. 2018.

[Gupta et al., 2018] †

Ankush Gupta, Arvind Agarwal, Prawaan Singh, and Piyush Rai. A Deep Generative Framework for Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 5149-5156, 2018.

[Issa et al., 2018] †

Fuad Issa, Marco Damonte, Shay B. Cohen, Xiaohui Yan, and Yi Chang. Abstract Meaning Representation for Paraphrase Detection. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 442-452, 2018.

[Iyyer et al., 2018] †

Mohit Iyyer, John Wieting, Kevin Gimpel, and Luke Zettlemoyer. Adversarial Example Generation with Syntactically Controlled Paraphrase Networks. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 1875-1885, 2018.

[Lan and Xu, 2018] †

Wuwei Lan and Wei Xu. Neural Network Models for Paraphrase Identification, Semantic Textual Similarity, Natural Language Inference, and Question Answering. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 3890-3902, 2018.

[Ma et al., 2018] †

Shuming Ma, Xu Sun, Wei Li, Sujian Li, Wenjie Li, and Xuancheng Ren. Query and Output: Generating Words by Querying Distributed Word Representations for Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 196-206, 2018.

[Nayeem et al., 2018] †

Mir Tafseer Nayeem, Tanvir Ahmed Fuad, and Ylias Chali. Abstractive Unsupervised Multi-Document Summarization using Paraphrastic Sentence Fusion. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1191-1204, 2018.

[Patro et al., 2018] †

Badri N. Patro, Vinod K. Kurmi, Sandeep Kumar, and Vanay P. Namboodiri. Learning Semantic Sentence Embeddings using Pair-wise Discriminator. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 2715-2729, 2018.

[Ponkiya et al., 2018] †

Girishkumar Ponkiya, Kevin Patel, Pushpak Bhattacharyya, and Girish Palshikar. Treat us like the sequences we are: Prepositional Paraphrasing of Noun Compounds using LSTM. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1827-1836, 2018.

[Yanaka et al., 2018] †

Hitomi Yanaka, Koji Mineshima, Pascual Martínez-Gómez, and Daisuke Bekki. Acquisition of Phrase Correspondences using Natural Deduction Proofs. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 756-766, 2018.

[Yiman and Biemann, 2018] †

Seid Muhie Yiman and Chris Biemann. Par4Sim: Adaptive Paraphrasing for Text Simplification. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 331-342, 2018.

[Zhao et al., 2018] †

Sanqiang Zhao, Rui Meng, Daqing He, Saptono Andi, and Parmanto Bambang. Integrating Transformer and Paraphrase Rules for Sentence Simplification. In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 3164-3173, 2018.

[Cao et al., 2017] †

Ziqiang Cao, Chuwei Luo, Wenjie Li, and Sujian Li. Joint Copying and Restricted Generation for Paraphrase. In Proceedings of the 31st AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 3152-3158, 2017.

[Mallinson et al., 2017] †

Jonathan Mallinson, Rico Sennrich, and Mirella Lapata. Paraphrasing Revisited with Neural Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL), pp. 881-893, 2017.

[Wieting and Gimpel, 2017] †

John Wieting and Kevin Gimpel. Revisiting Recurrent Networks for Paraphrastic Sentence Embeddings. In Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 2078-2088, 2017.

[Dang et al., 2016] †

Anh Dang, Abidalrahman Moh'd, Aminul Islam, Rosane Minghim, Michael Smit, and Evangelos Milios. Reddit Temporal N-gram Corpus and its Applications on Paraphrase and Semantic Similarity in Social Media using a Topic-based Latent Semantic Analysis. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 3553-3564, 2016.

[Dey et al., 2016] †

Kuntal Dey, Ritvik Shrivastava, and Saroj Kaushik. A Paraphrase and Semantic Similarity Detection System for User Generated Short-Text Content on Microblogs. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 2880-2890, 2016.

[He and Lin, 2016] †

Hua He and Jimmy Lin. Pairwise Word Interaction Modeling with Deep Neural Networks for Semantic Similarity Measurement. In Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 937-948, 2016.

[Prakash et al., 2016] †

Aaditya Prakash, Sadid A. Hasan, Kathy Lee, Vivek Datla, Ashequl Qadir, Joey Liu, and Oladimeji Farri. Neural Paraphrase Generation with Stacked Residual LSTM Networks. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 2923-2934, 2016.

[Yin et al., 2016] †

Wenpeng Yin, Hinrich Schütze, Bing Xiang, and Bowen Zhou. ABCNN: Attention-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Modeling Sentence Pairs. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL), Vol. 4, pp. 259-272, 2016.

[He et al., 2015] †

Hua He, Kevin Gimpel, and Jimmy Lin. Multi-Perspective Sentence Similarity Modeling with Convolutional Neural Networks. In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1576-1586, 2015.

[Wieting et al., 2015] †

John Wieting, Mohit Bansal, Kevin Gimpel, and Karen Livescu. From Paraphrase Database to Compositional Paraphrase Model and Back. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL), Vol. 3, pp. 345-358, 2015.

[Yin and Schütze, 2015a] †

Wenpeng Yin; Hinrich Schütze. Convolutional Neural Network for Paraphrase Identification . In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 901-911, 2015.

[Yin and Schütze, 2015b] †

Wenpeng Yin; Hinrich Schütze. Discriminative Phrase Embedding for Paraphrase Identification. In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 1368-1373, 2015.

[Guo and Diab, 2013] †

Weiwei Guo and Mona Diab. Improving Lexical Semantics for Sentential Semantics: Modeling Selectional Preference and Similar Words in a Latent Variable Model. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), short papers, pp. 739-745, 2013.

[Watanabe et al., 2013] †

Yotaro Watanabe, Yusuke Miyao, Junta Mizuno, Tomohide Shibata, Hiroshi Kanayama, Cheng-Wei Lee, Chuan-Jie Lin, Shuming Shi, Teruko Mitamura, Noriko Kando, Hideki Shima, and Kohichi Takeda. Overview of the Recognizing Inference in Text (RITE-2) at NTCIR-10. In Proceedings of the 10th NTCIR Conference on Evaluation of Information Access Technologies, pp. 385-404, 2013.

[Madnani et al., 2012] †

Nitin Madnani, Joel Tetreault, and Martin Chodorow. Re-examining Machine Translation Metrics for Paraphrase Identification. In Proceedings of the 2012 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 182-190, 2012.

[Sun and Zhou, 2012] †

Hong Sun and Ming Zhou. Joint Learning of a Dual SMT System for Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), short papers, pp. 38-42, 2012.

[Watanabe et al., 2012] †

Yotaro Watanabe, Junta Mizuno, Eric Nichols, Katsuma Narisawa, Keita Nabeshima, Naoaki Okazaki and Kentaro Inui. Leveraging Diverse Lexical Resources for Textual Entailment Recognition. ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing (TALIP), Vol. 11, No. 4, Article 18, pp. 2012.

[Malakasiotis and Androutsopoulos, 2011] †

Prodromos Malakasiotis and Ion Androutsopoulos. A Generate and Rank Approach to Sentence Paraphrasing. In Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 96-106, 2011.

[Martin et al., 2011] †

Scott Martin and Michael White. Creating Disjunctive Logical Forms from Aligned Sentences for Grammar-Based Paraphrase Generation. [Text-To-Text, 2011], pp. 74-83, 2011.

[Socher et al., 2011] †

Richard Socher, Eric H. Huang, Jeffrey Pennington, Andrew Y. Ng, and Christopher D. Manning. Dynamic Pooling and Unfolding Recursive Autoencoders for Paraphrase Detection. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), pp. 2011.

[Wubben et al., 2011] †

Sander Wubben, Erwin Marsi, Antal van den Bosch, and Emiel Krahmer. Comparing Phrase-based and Syntax-based Paraphrase Generation. [Text-To-Text, 2011], pp. 27-33, 2011.

[Madnani, 2010] †

Nitin Madnani. The Circle of Meaning: From Translation to Paraphrasing and Back. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Computer Science. University of Maryland College Park, 2010.

[Max, 2010] †

Aurélien Max. Example-based Paraphrasing for Improved Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 656-666, 2010.

[Zhu et al., 2010] †

Zhemin Zhu, Delphine Bernhard, and Iryna Gurevych. A Monolingual Tree-based Translation Model for Sentence Simplification. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1353-1361, 2010.

[Bar-Haim et al., 2009] †

Roy Bar-Haim, Jonathan Berant, and Ido Dagan. A Compact Forest for Scalable Inference over Entailment and Paraphrase Rules. In Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1056-1065, 2009.

[Das and Smith, 2009] †

Dipanjan Das and Noah Smith. Paraphrase Identification as Probabilistic Quasi-synchronous Recognition. In Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP), pp. 468-476, 2009.

[Max, 2009] †

Aurélien Max. Sub-sentencial Paraphrasing by Contextual Pivot Translation. [TextInfer, 2009], pp. 18-26, 2009.

[Callison-Burch, 2008] †

Chris Callison-Burch. Syntactic Constraints on Paraphrases Extracted from Parallel Corpora. In Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 196-205, 2008.

[Matsuyoshi and Sato, 2008] †

Suguru Matsuyoshi and Satoshi Sato. Automatic Paraphrasing of Japanese Functional Expressions Using a Hierarchically Organized Dictionary. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 691-696, 2008.

[Rus et al., 2008] †

Vasile Rus, Philip M. McCarthy, Mihai C. Lintean, Danielle S. McNamara, and Arthur C. Graesser. Paraphrase Identification with Lexico-syntactic Graph Subsumption. In Proceedings of the 21st International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS), pp. 201-206, 2008.

[松吉ら, 2008] †

松吉俊, 佐藤理史. 文体と難易度を制御可能な日本語機能表現の言い換え. 自然言語処理, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 75-99, 2008.

[Ellsworth and Janin, 2007] †

Michael Ellsworth and Adam Janin. Mutaphrase: Paraphrasing with FrameNet. In Proceedings of the ACL-PASCAL Workshop on Textual Entailment and Paraphrasing (WTEP), pp. 143-150, 2007.

[Fujita et al., 2007] †

Atsushi Fujita, Shuhei Kato, Naoki Kato, and Satoshi Sato. A Compositional Approach toward Dynamic Phrasal Thesaurus. In Proceedings of the ACL-PASCAL Workshop on Textual Entailment and Paraphrasing (WTEP), pp. 151-158, 2007.

[Islam and Inkpen, 2007] †

Aminul Islam and Diana Inkpen. Semantic Similarity of Short Texts. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP), pp. 291-297, 2007.

[Duboue and Chu-Carroll, 2006] †

Pablo Ariel Duboue and Jennifer Chu-Carroll. Answering the Question You Wish They Had Asked: The Impact of Paraphrasing for Question Answering. In Proceedings of the 2006 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), short papers, pp. 33-36, 2006.

[Kozareva and Montoyo, 2006] †

Zornitsa Kozareva and Andrés Montoyo. Paraphrase Identification on the Basis of Supervised Machine Learning Techniques. Advances in Natural Language Processing: 5th International Conference on NLP (FinTAL), pp. 524-533, 2006.

[Mihalcea et al., 2006] †

Rada Mihalcea, Courtney Corley, and Carlo Strapparava. Corpus-based and Knowledge-based Measures of Text Semantic Similarity. In Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 775-780, 2006.

[Lepage and Denoual, 2005b] †

Yves Lepage and Etienne Denoual. Automatic Generation of Paraphrases to be Used as Translation References in Objective Evaluation Measures of Machine Translation. [IWP, 2005], pp. 57-64, 2005.

[Li et al., 2005] †

Weigang Li, Ting Liu, Yu Zhang, Sheng Li, and Wei He. Automated Generalization of Phrasal Paraphrases from the Web. [IWP, 2005], pp. 49-56, 2005.

[Wu, 2005] †

Dekai Wu. Recognizing Paraphrases and Textual Entailment Using Inversion Transduction Grammars. In Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Empirical Modeling of Semantic Equivalence and Entailment, pp. 25-30, 2005.

[Finch et al., 2004] †

Andrew Finch, Taro Watanabe, Yasuhiro Akiba, and Eiichiro Sumita. Paraphrasing as Machine Translation. 自然言語処理, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 87-111, 2004.

[村田ら, 2004a] †

村田真樹, 井佐原均. 言い換えの統一的モデル-尺度に基づく変形の利用. 自然言語処理, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 113-133, 2004.

[Murata and Isahara, 2001] †

Masaki Murata and Hitoshi Isahara. Universal Model for Paraphrasing: Using Transformation Based on a Defined Criteria. [NLPRSWS, 2001], pp. 47-54, 2001.

[Takahashi et al., 2001] †

Tetsuro Takahashi, Tomoya Iwakura, Ryu Iida, Atsushi Fujita, and Kentaro Inui. KURA: A Transfer-based Lexico-structural Paraphrasing Engine. [NLPRSWS, 2001], pp. 37-46, 2001.

[Lavoie et al., 2000] †

Benoit Lavoie, Richard Kittredge, Tanya Korelsky, and Owen Rambow. A Framework for MT and Multilingual NLG Systems Based on Uniform Lexico-structural Processing. In Proceedings of the 6th Applied Natural Language Processing Conference and the 1st Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ANLP-NAACL), pp. 60-67, 2000.

[Beale et al., 1998] †

Stephen Beale, Sergei Nirenburg, Evelyne Viegas, and Leo Wanner. De-constraining Text Generation. In Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation (INLG), pp. 48-57, 1998.

[Huang and Fiedler, 1996] †

Xiaorong Huang and Armin Fiedler. Paraphrasing and Aggregating Argumentative Text Using Text Structure. In Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation (INLG), pp. 21-30, 1996.

[林ら, 1991] †

林良彦, 菊井玄一郎. 日本文推敲支援システムにおける書換え支援機能の実現方式. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 32, No. 8, pp. 962-970, 1991.

[Meteer and Shaked, 1988] †

Marie Meteer and Varda Shaked. Strategies for Effective Paraphrasing. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 431-436, 1988.

[McKeown, 1983] †

Kathleen R. McKeown. Paraphrasing Questions Using Given and New Information. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1983, pp. 1-10, 1983.

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6.b. Synchronous grammar (同期文法) †

[Dras, 1999a] †

Mark Dras. Tree Adjoining Grammar and the Reluctant Paraphrasing of Text. Ph.D. Thesis, Macquarie University, Australia, 1999.

[Dras, 1999b] †

Mark Dras. A Meta-level Grammar: Redefining Synchronous TAG for Translation and Paraphrase. In Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 80-88, 1999.

[Dras, 1997] †

Mark Dras. Representing Paraphrases Using Synchronous Tree Adjoining Grammars. In Proceedings of the 1997 Australasian NLP Summer Workshop, pp. 17-24, 1997.

[Abeille et al., 1990] †

Anne Abeille, Yves Schabes, and Aravind K. Joshi. Using Lexicalized TAGs for Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), Vol. 3, pp. 1-6, 1990.

[Shieber and Schabes, 1990] †

Stuart M. Shieber and Yves Schabes. Synchronous Tree-adjoining Grammars. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), Vol. 3, pp. 253-258, 1990.

6.c. Controlled language (制限言語) †

[Kaji and Kurohashi, 2005] †

Nobuhiro Kaji and Sadao Kurohashi. Lexical Choice via Topic Adaptation for Paraphrasing Written Language to Spoken Language. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 981-992, 2005.

[Kaji, 2005] †

Nobuhiro Kaji. Paraphrasing Written Language to Spoken Language. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tokyo, 2005.

[Kaji et al., 2004] †

Nobuhiro Kaji, Masashi Okamoto, and Sadao Kurohashi. Paraphrasing Predicates from Written Language to Spoken Language Using the Web. In Proceedings of the 2004 Human Language Technology Conference (HLT-NAACL), pp. 241-248, 2004.

[鍜治ら, 2004c] †

鍜治伸裕, 岡本雅史, 黒橋禎夫. WWWを用いた書き言葉特有語彙から話し言葉語彙への用言の言い換え. 自然言語処理, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 19-37, 2004.

[Mitamura and Nyberg, 2001] †

Teruko Mitamura and Eric Nyberg. Automatic Rewriting for Controlled Language Translation. [NLPRSWS, 2001], pp. 1-12, 2001.

[Allen et al., 2000] †

Jeffery Allen and Christopher Hogan. Toward the Development of a Postediting Module for Raw Machine Translation Output. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications (CLAW), pp. 62-71, 2000.

[Bernth, 2000] †

Arendse Bernth. EasyEnglish: Grammar Checking for Non-native Speakers. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications (CLAW), pp. 33-42, 2000.

[Schewertel, 2000] †

Uta Schwertel. Controlling Plural Ambiguities in Attempto Controlled English. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications (CLAW), pp. xxx-xxx, 2000.

[Bernth, 1998] †

Arendse Bernth. EasyEnglish: Preprocessing for MT. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications (CLAW), pp. 30-41, 1998.

[Huijsen, 1998] †

Willem-Olaf Huijsen. Controlled Language: An Introduction. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications (CLAW), pp. 1-15, 1998.

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6.d. Studies on specific paraphrase classes (個別の事例研究) †

[Shwartz and Dagan, 2018] †

Vered Shwartz and Ido Dagan. Paraphrase to Explicate: Revealing Implicit Noun-Compound Relations. In Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 1200-1211, 2018.

[Izumi et al., 2013] †

Tomoko Izumi, Kenji Imamura, Taichi Asami, Kuniko Saito, Genichiro Kikui, and Satoshi Sato. Normalizing Complex Functional Expressions in Japanese Predicates: Linguistically-directed Rule-based Paraphrasing and Its Application. ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing (TALIP), Vol. 12, No. 3, Article 11, pp. 1-20, 2013.

[Keshtkar and Inkpen, 2013] †

Fazel Keshtkar and Diana Inkpen. A Bootstrapping Method for Extracting Paraphrases of Emotion Expressions from Texts. Computational Intelligence, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 417-435, 2013.

[Kaji and Kitsuregawa, 2011] †

Nobuhiro Kaji and Masaru Kitsuregawa. Splitting Noun Compounds via Monolingual and Bilingual Paraphrases: A Study on Japanese Katakana Words. In Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 959-969, 2011.

[Izumi et al., 2010] †

Tomoko Izumi, Kenji Imamura, Genichiro Kikui, Atsushi Fujita, and Satoshi Sato. Paraphrasing Japanese Light Verb Constructions: Towards the Normalization of Complex Predicates. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on the Computer Processing of Oriental Languages (ICCPOL), pp. 55-62, 2010.

[Keshtkar and Inkpen, 2010] †

Fazel Keshtkar and Diana Inkpen. A Corpus-based Method for Extracting Paraphrases of Emotion Terms. In Proceedings of the NAACL Workshop on Computational Approaches to Analysis and Generation of Emotion in Text, pp. 35-44, 2010.

[Nakov, 2008a] †

Preslav Nakov. Paraphrasing Verbs for Noun Compound Interpretation. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Multiword Expressions (MWE), pp. 2008.

[Fujita et al., 2006] †

Atsushi Fujita, Naruaki Masuno, Satoshi Sato, and Takehito Utsuro. Adjective-to-verb Paraphrasing in Japanese Based on Lexical Constraints of Verbs. In Proceedings of the 4th International Natural Language Generation Conference (INLG), pp. 41-43, 2006.

[藤田ら, 2006b] †

藤田篤, 降幡建太郎, 乾健太郎, 松本裕治. 語彙概念構造に基づく言い換え生成 -機能動詞構文の言い換えを例題に. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 1963-1975, 2006.

[Fujita et al., 2005] †

Atsushi Fujita, Kentaro Inui, and Yuji Matsumoto. Exploiting Lexical Conceptual Structure for Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 908-919, 2005.

[Kaji, 2005] †

Nobuhiro Kaji. Paraphrasing Written Language to Spoken Language. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tokyo, 2005.

[Power and Scott, 2005] †

Richard Power and Donia Scott. Automatic Generation of Large-scale Paraphrases. [IWP, 2005], pp. 73-79, 2005.

[山本ら, 2005] †

山本和英, 大橋一輝. 「サ変動詞＋名詞」の複合名詞への換言. 自然言語処理, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 10-42, 2005.

[Fujita et al., 2004b] †

Atsushi Fujita, Kentaro Furihata, Kentaro Inui, Yuji Matsumoto, and Koichi Takeuchi. Paraphrasing of Japanese Light-verb Constructions Based on Lexical Conceptual Structure. In Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Multiword Expressions: Integrating Processing, pp. 9-16, 2004.

[Kaji and Kurohashi, 2004] †

Nobuhiro Kaji and Sadao Kurohashi. Recognition and Paraphrasing of Periphrastic and Overlapping Verb Phrases. In Proceedings of the LREC Workshop on Methodologies and Evaluation of Multiword Units in Real-world Application (MEMURA), pp. 24-30, 2004.

[鍜治ら, 2004a] †

鍜治伸裕, 黒橋禎夫. 迂言表現と重複表現の認識と言い換え. 自然言語処理, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 81-106, 2004.

[鍜治ら, 2003b] †

鍜治伸裕, 河原大輔, 黒橋禎夫, 佐藤理史. 格フレームの対応付けに基づく用言の言い換え. 自然言語処理, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 65-81, 2003.

[Shimohata and Sumita, 2002a] †

Mitsuo Shimohata and Eiichiro Sumita. Automatic Paraphrasing Based on Parallel Corpus for Normalization. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 453-457, 2002.

[Tanabe et al., 2001] †

Toshifumi Tanabe, Kenji Yoshimura, and Kosho Shudo. Modality Expressions in Japanese and Their Automatic Paraphrasing. In Proceedings of the 6th Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium (NLPRS), pp. 507-512, 2001.

[近藤ら, 2001] †

近藤恵子, 佐藤理史, 奥村学. 格変換による単文の言い換え. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 465-477, 2001.

[首藤ら, 2001] †

首藤公昭, 田辺利文, 吉村賢治. 日本語モダリティ表現とその言い換え. [言ワ, 2001], pp. 47-50, 2001.

[佐藤, 1999] †

佐藤理史. 論文表題を言い換える. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 40, No. 7, pp. 2937-2945, 1999.

[近藤ら, 1999] †

近藤恵子, 佐藤理史, 奥村学. 「サ変名詞＋する」から動詞相当句への言い換え. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 40, No. 11, pp. 4064-4074, 1999.

[林ら, 1990] †

林良彦, 千葉裕子. 日本語受動文の能動化可否判定アルゴリズムの検討. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 31, No. 10, pp. 1438-1443, 1990.

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6.e. Semantic differences (語・句・節の意味の差) †

[Filice and Moschitti, 2016] †

Simone Filice and Alessandro Moschitti. Learning to Recognize Ancillary Information for Automatic Paraphrase Identification. In Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), short papers, pp. 1109-1114, 2016.

[Fujita et al., 2006] †

Atsushi Fujita, Naruaki Masuno, Satoshi Sato, and Takehito Utsuro. Adjective-to-verb Paraphrasing in Japanese Based on Lexical Constraints of Verbs. In Proceedings of the 4th International Natural Language Generation Conference (INLG), pp. 41-43, 2006.

[Inkpen and Hirst, 2006] †

Diana Inkpen and Graeme Hirst. Building and Using a Lexical Knowledge-base of Near-synonym Differences. Computational Linguistics, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 223-262, 2006.

[藤田ら, 2006b] †

藤田篤, 降幡建太郎, 乾健太郎, 松本裕治. 語彙概念構造に基づく言い換え生成 -機能動詞構文の言い換えを例題に. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 1963-1975, 2006.

[Fujita et al., 2005] †

Atsushi Fujita, Kentaro Inui, and Yuji Matsumoto. Exploiting Lexical Conceptual Structure for Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 908-919, 2005.

[Fujita, 2005] †

Atsushi Fujita. Automatic Generation of Syntactically Well-formed and Semantically Appropriate Paraphrases. Ph.D. Thesis, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 2005.

[Hutchinson, 2005a] †

Ben Hutchinson. Modelling the Substitutability of Discourse Connectives. In Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 149-156, 2005.

[Takahashi, 2005] †

Tetsuro Takahashi. Computation of Semantic Equivalence for Question Answering. Ph.D. Thesis, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 2005.

[Dorr et al., 2004] †

Bonnie J. Dorr, Rebecca Green, Lori Levin, Owen Rambow, David Farwell, Nizar Habash, Stephen Helmreich, Eduard Hovy, Keith J. Miller, Teruko Mitamura, Florence Reeder, and Advaith Siddharthan. Semantic Annotation and Lexico-syntactic Paraphrase. In Proceedings of the LREC Workshop on Building Lexical Resources from Semantically Annotated Corpora, pp. 47-52, 2004.

[Inkpen et al., 2004] †

Diana Zaiu Inkpen, Olga Feiguina, and Graeme Hirst. Generating More-positive and More-negative Text. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Attitude and Affect in Text, AAAI 2004 Spring Symposium, pp. 83-89, 2004.

[小川ら, 2004b] †

小川泰弘, ムスタル・マフスット, 釜谷聡史, 稲垣康善. 日本語言い換え処理を利用した日本語-ウイグル語対訳辞書の拡充. 自然言語処理, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 39-61, 2004.

[Inkpen, 2003] †

Diana Inkpen. Building a Lexical Knowledge-base of Near-synonym Differences. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto, 2003.

[Okamoto et al., 2003] †

Hiroyuki Okamoto, Kengo Sato, and Hiroaki Saito. Preferential Presentation of Japanese Near-synonyms Using Definition Statements. [IWP, 2003], pp. 17-24, 2003.

[Uchiyama and Ishizaki, 2003] †

Kiyoko Uchiyama, and Shun Ishizaki. A Disambiguation Method for Japanese Compound Verbs. In Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Multiword Expressions: Analysis, Acquisition and Treatment, pp. 81-88, 2003.

[Edmonds and Hirst, 2002] †

Philip Edmonds and Graeme Hirst. Near-synonymy and Lexical Choice. Computational Linguistics, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 105-144, 2002.

[土屋ら, 2002] †

土屋雅稔, 黒橋禎夫, 佐藤理史. 辞書定義文の圧縮による定義表現パターンの発見. 人工知能学会論文誌, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. xxx-xxx, 2002.

[影山, 2002] †

影山太郎. 非対格構造の他動詞: 意味と統語のインターフェイス. 伊藤たかね(編) 文法理論: レキシコンと統語, 東京大学出版会, pp. 119-145, 2002.

[杉岡, 2002] †

杉岡洋子. 形容詞から派生する動詞の自他交替をめぐって. 伊藤たかね(編) 文法理論: レキシコンと統語, 東京大学出版会, pp. 91-116, 2002.

[竹内ら, 2002a] †

竹内孔一, 内山清子, 吉岡真治, 影浦峡, 小山照夫. 語彙概念構造を利用した複合名詞内の係り関係の解析. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 43, No. 5, 複合名詞解析, pp. 1446-1456, 2002.

[Inkpen and Hirst, 2001] †

Diana Inkpen and Graeme Hirst. Building a Lexical Knowledge-base of Near-synonym Differences. In Proceedings of the NAACL Workshop on WordNet and Other Lexical Resources: Applications, Extensions and Customizations, pp. 47-52, 2001.

[Lapata, 2001] †

Maria Lapata. A Corpus-based Account of Regular Polysemy: The Case of Context-sensitive Adjectives. In Proceedings of the 2nd Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 63-70, 2001.

[Pearce, 2001] †

Darren Pearce. Synonymy in Collocation Extraction. In Proceedings of the NAACL Workshop on WordNet and Other Lexical Resources: Applications, Extensions and Customizations, 2001.

[岸本, 2001] †

岸本秀樹. 壁塗り構文. 影山太郎(編) 日英対照 動詞の意味と構文, くろしお出版, pp. 100-126, 2001.

[広瀬ら, 2001] †

広瀬正宜, 庄司香久子. Kodansha's effective Japanese usage dictionary. 講談社, 2001.

[影山, 2001] †

影山太郎. 日英対照 動詞の意味と構文. 大修館書店, 2001.

[Edmonds, 1999] †

Philip Edmonds. Semantic Representations of Near-Synonyms for Automatic Lexical Choice. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto, 1999.

[柏野ら, 1998] †

柏野和佳子, 本多啓. IPAL名詞辞書における多義構造の記述. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 39, No. 9, pp. 2603-2612, 1998.

[Edmonds, 1997] †

Philip Edmonds. Choosing the Word Most Typical in Context Using a Lexical Co-occurrence Network. In Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 8th European Chapter of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-EACL), pp. 24-31, 1997.

[影山, 1996] †

影山太郎. 動詞意味論: 言語と認知の接点. くろしお出版, 1996.

[宮島ら, 1995a] †

宮島達夫, 仁田義雄. 日本語類義表現の文法（上）単文編. くろしお出版, 1995.

[宮島ら, 1995b] †

宮島達夫, 仁田義雄. 日本語類義表現の文法（下）複文・連文編. くろしお出版, 1995.

[Halliday, 94] †

Michael Alexander Kirkwood Halliday. [An introduction to functional grammar (second edition),]. Edward Arnold, 1994.

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6.f. Semantic equivalence (意味の等価性) †

[Kajiwara, 2018] †

Tomoyuki Kajiwara. Text Simplification without Simplified Corpora. Ph.D. Thesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, pp. 2018.

[Pavlick et al., 2015a] †

Ellie Pavlick, Johan Bos, Malvina Nissim, Charley Beller, Benjamin Van Durme, and Chris Callison-Burch. Adding Semantics to Data-Driven Paraphrasing. In Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, pp. 1512-1522, 2015.

[Pavlick et al., 2015d] †

Ellie Pavlick, Pushpendre Rastogi, Juri Ganitkevitch, Benjamin Van Durme, and Chris Callison-Burch. PPDB 2.0: Better Paraphrase Ranking, Fine-grained Entailment Relations, Word Embeddings, and Style Classification. In Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP), short papers, pp. 425-430, 2015.

[Wieting et al., 2015] †

John Wieting, Mohit Bansal, Kevin Gimpel, and Karen Livescu. From Paraphrase Database to Compositional Paraphrase Model and Back. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL), Vol. 3, pp. 345-358, 2015.

[Yin and Schütze, 2015a] †

Wenpeng Yin; Hinrich Schütze. Convolutional Neural Network for Paraphrase Identification . In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 901-911, 2015.

[Yin and Schütze, 2015b] †

Wenpeng Yin; Hinrich Schütze. Discriminative Phrase Embedding for Paraphrase Identification. In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 1368-1373, 2015.

[Agirre et al., 2014] †

Eneko Agirre, Carmen Banea, Claire Cardie, Daniel Cer, Mona Diab, Aitor Gonzalez-Agirre, Weiwei Guo, Rada Mihalcea, German Rigau, and Janyce Wiebe. SemEval-2014 Task 10: Multilingual Semantic Textual Similarity. In Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval), pp. 81-91, 2014.

[Marelli et al., 2014] †

Macro Marelli, Luisa Bentivogli, Marco Baroni, Raffaella Bernardi, Stefano Menini, and Robero Zamparelli. SemEval-2014 Task 1: Evaluation of Compositional Distributional Semantic Models on Full Sentences through Semantic Relatedness and Textual Entailment. In Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval), pp. 1-8, 2014.

[Madnani et al., 2012] †

Nitin Madnani, Joel Tetreault, and Martin Chodorow. Re-examining Machine Translation Metrics for Paraphrase Identification. In Proceedings of the 2012 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 182-190, 2012.

[Simard and Fujita, 2012] †

Michel Simard and Atsushi Fujita. A Poor Man's Translation Memory Using Machine Translation Evaluation Metrics. In Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA), pp. 2012.

[Fujita and Sato, 2010] †

Atsushi Fujita and Satoshi Sato. Measuring the Appropriateness of Automatically Generated Phrasal Paraphrases. 自然言語処理, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 183-219, 2010.

[Chevelu et al., 2009b] †

Jonathan Chevelu, Thomas Lavergne, Yves Lepage, and Thierry Moudenc. Transformation Rules and Monte-Carlo Sampling: A Different Approach for Statistical Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the Pacific Association for Computational Linguistics (PACLING), pp. xxx-xxx, 2009.

[Fujita and Sato, 2008a] †

Atsushi Fujita and Satoshi Sato. Computing Paraphrasability of Syntactic Variants Using Web Snippets. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 537-544, 2008.

[Fujita and Sato, 2008b] †

Atsushi Fujita and Satoshi Sato. A Probabilistic Model for Measuring Grammaticality and Similarity of Automatically Generated Paraphrases of Predicate Phrases. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 225-232, 2008.

[Matsuyoshi and Sato, 2008] †

Suguru Matsuyoshi and Satoshi Sato. Automatic Paraphrasing of Japanese Functional Expressions Using a Hierarchically Organized Dictionary. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 691-696, 2008.

[松吉ら, 2008] †

松吉俊, 佐藤理史. 文体と難易度を制御可能な日本語機能表現の言い換え. 自然言語処理, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 75-99, 2008.

[藤田ら, 2007] †

藤田篤, 佐藤理史. 述語句統語的異形間の言い換えらしさの計算手法. 情報処理学会研究報告, NL-182-4, pp. 23-30, 2007.

[Finch et al., 2005] †

Andrew Finch, Young-Sook Hwang, and Eiichiro Sumita. Using Machine Translation Evaluation Techniques to Determine Sentence-level Semantic Equivalence. [IWP, 2005], pp. 17-24, 2005.

[Lin, 1998b] †

Dekang Lin. Automatic Retrieval and Clustering of Similar Words. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (ACL-COLING), pp. 768-774, 1998.

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6.g. Aalysis of errors and applicability in context (誤り分析，適用可能性の評価) †

[Yaghoub-Zadeh-Fard et al., 2019] †

Mohammad-Ali Yaghoub-Zadeh-Fard, Boualem Benatallah, Moshe ChaiBarukh, and Shayan Zamanirad. A Study of Incorrect Paraphrases in Crowdsourced User Utterances. In Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 295-306, 2019.

[Kriz et al., 2018] †

Reno Kriz, Eleni Miltsakaki, Marianna Apidianaki, and Chris Callison-Burch. Simplification Using Paraphrases and Context-based Lexical Substitution. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 207-217, 2018.

[Apidianaki, 2016] †

Marianna Apidianaki. Vector-space Models for PPDB Paraphrase Ranking in Context. In Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), short papers, pp. 2028-2034, 2016.

[Kotlerman et al., 2013] †

Lili Kotlerman, Nitin Madnani, and Aoife Cahill. ParaQuery: Making Sense of Paraphrase Collections. In Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), System Demonstrations, pp. 145-150, 2013.

[Bouamor et al., 2011b] †

Houda Bouamor, Aurélien Max, Gabriel Illouz, and Anne Vilnat. Web-based Validation for Contextual Targeted Paraphrasing. [Text-To-Text, 2011], pp. 10-19, 2011.

[Madnani, 2010] †

Nitin Madnani. The Circle of Meaning: From Translation to Paraphrasing and Back. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Computer Science. University of Maryland College Park, 2010.

[Szpektor et al., 2008a] †

Idan Szpektor, Ido Dagan, Roy Bar-Haim, and Jacob Goldberger. Contextual Preference. In Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 683-691, 2008.

[Pantel et al., 2007] †

Patrick Pantel, Rahul Bhagat, Bonaventura Coppola, Timothy Chklovski, and Eduard Hovy. ISP: Learning Inferential Selectional Preferences. In Proceedings of Human Language Technologies 2007: The Conference of the North American Chapter of the Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 564-571, 2007.

[Kauchak and Barzilay, 2006] †

David Kauchak and Regina Barzilay. Paraphrasing for Automatic Evaluation. In Proceedings of the 2006 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 455-462, 2006.

[Fujita, 2005] †

Atsushi Fujita. Automatic Generation of Syntactically Well-formed and Semantically Appropriate Paraphrases. Ph.D. Thesis, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 2005.

[Hutchinson, 2005a] †

Ben Hutchinson. Modelling the Substitutability of Discourse Connectives. In Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 149-156, 2005.

[Ohtake, 2005] †

Kiyonori Ohtake. Evaluating Contextual Dependency of Paraphrases Using a Latent Variable Model. [IWP, 2005], pp. 65-72, 2005.

[Fujita et al., 2004a] †

Atsushi Fujita, Kentaro Inui, and Yuji Matsumoto. Detection of Incorrect Case Assignments in Automatically Generated Paraphrases of Japanese Sentences. In Proceedings of the 1st International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 14-21, 2004.

[藤田ら, 2004c] †

藤田篤, 乾健太郎, 松本裕治. 自動生成された言い換え文における不適格な動詞格構造の検出.. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 1176-1187, 2004.

[Ohtake and Yamamoto, 2003] †

Kiyonori Ohtake and Kazuhide Yamamoto. Applicability Analysis of Corpus-derived Paraphrases toward Example-based Paraphrasing. In Proceedings of the 17th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation (PACLIC), pp. 380-391, 2003.

[藤田ら, 2003c] †

藤田篤, 乾健太郎. 語彙・構文的言い換えにおける変換誤りの分析. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 44, No. 11, pp. 2826-2838, 2003.

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6.h. Cross-lingual comparison (言い換えの言語横断性) †

[Kageura et al., 2004] †

Kyo Kageura, Fuyuki Yoshikane, and Takayuki Nozawa. Parallel Bilingual Paraphrase Rule for Noun Compounds: Concepts and Rules for Exploring Web Language Resources. In Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Asian Language Resources (ALR), pp. 54-61, 2004.

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6.i. Interlingua (中間言語) †

[Dorr et al., 2004] †

Bonnie J. Dorr, Rebecca Green, Lori Levin, Owen Rambow, David Farwell, Nizar Habash, Stephen Helmreich, Eduard Hovy, Keith J. Miller, Teruko Mitamura, Florence Reeder, and Advaith Siddharthan. Semantic Annotation and Lexico-syntactic Paraphrase. In Proceedings of the LREC Workshop on Building Lexical Resources from Semantically Annotated Corpora, pp. 47-52, 2004.

[Brun and Hagége, 2003] †

Caroline Brun and Caroline Hagége. Normalization and Paraphrasing Using Symbolic Methods. [IWP, 2003], pp. 41-48, 2003.

[Moldovan et al., 2003] †

Dan Moldovan and Christine Clark and Sanda Harabagiu and Steve Maiorano. COGEX: A Logic Prover for Question Answering. In Proceedings of the 2003 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 87-93, 2003.

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6.j. Domain specificity (ドメイン依存性) †

[Pavlick et al., 2015b] †

Ellie Pavlick, Juri Ganitkevitch, Tsz Ping Chan, Xuchen Yao, Benjamin Van Durme, and Chris Callison-Burch. Domain-Specific Paraphrase Extraction . In Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP), short papers, pp. 57-61, 2015.

[Simard and Fujita, 2012] †

Michel Simard and Atsushi Fujita. A Poor Man's Translation Memory Using Machine Translation Evaluation Metrics. In Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA), pp. 2012.

7. Knowledge acquisition (事例収集・知識獲得) †

7.a. Corpus of paraphrastic sentences (コーパス作成) †

[Abujabal et al., 2019] †

Abdalghani Abujabal, Rishiraj Saha Roy, Mohamed Yahya, and Gerhard Weikum. ComQA: A Community-sourced Dataset for Complex Factoid Question Answering with Paraphrase Clusters. In Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 307-317, 2019.

[Hu et al., 2019] †

J. Edward Hu, Rachel Rudinger, Matt Post, and Benjamin Van Durme. ParaBank: Monlingual Bitext Generation and Sentential Paraphrasing via Lexically-constrained NMT. In Proceedings of the 33rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 2019.

[Kumar et al., 2019] †

Ashutosh Kumar, Satwik Bhattamishra, Manik Bhandari, and Partha Talukdar. Submodular Optimization-based Diverse Paraphrasing and its Effectiveness in Data Augmentation. In Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 3609-3619, 2019.

[Yaghoub-Zadeh-Fard et al., 2019] †

Mohammad-Ali Yaghoub-Zadeh-Fard, Boualem Benatallah, Moshe ChaiBarukh, and Shayan Zamanirad. A Study of Incorrect Paraphrases in Crowdsourced User Utterances. In Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 295-306, 2019.

[Zhang et al., 2019] †

Yuan Zhang, Jason Baldridge, and Luheng He. PAWS: Paraphrase Adversaries from Word Scrambling. In Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 1298-1308, 2019.

[Creutz, 2018] †

Mathias Creutz. Open Subtitles Paraphrase Corpus for Six Languages. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1364-1369, 2018.

[Kovatchev et al., 2018] †

Venelin Kovatchev, M. Antònia Martí, and Maria Salam&oacue;. ETPC: A Paraphrase Identification Corpus Annotated with Extended Paraphrase Typology and Negation. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1384-1392, 2018.

[Wieting and Gimpel, 2018] †

John Wieting and Kevin Gimpel. ParaNMT-50M: Pushing the Limits of Paraphrastic Sentence Embeddings with Millions of Machine Translations. In Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 451-462, 2018.

[Jiang et al., 2017] †

Youxuan Jiang, Jonathan K. Kummerfeld, and Walter S. Lasecki. Understanding Task Design Trade-offs in Crowdsourced Paraphrase Collection. In Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), short papers, pp. 103-109, 2017.

[Lan et al., 2017] †

Wuwei Lan, Siyu Qiu, Hua He, and Wei Xu. A Continuously Growing Dataset of Sentential Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1224-1234, 2017.

[Wieting et al., 2017] †

John Wieting , Jonathan Mallinson, and Kevin Gimpel. Learning Paraphrastic Sentence Embeddings from Back-Translated Bitext. In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 274-285, 2017.

[Xu et al., 2015] †

Wei Xu, Chris Callison-Burch, and Bill Dolan. SemEval-2015 Task 1: Paraphrase and Semantic Similarity in Twitter (PIT). In Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval), pp. 1-11, 2015.

[Agirre et al., 2014] †

Eneko Agirre, Carmen Banea, Claire Cardie, Daniel Cer, Mona Diab, Aitor Gonzalez-Agirre, Weiwei Guo, Rada Mihalcea, German Rigau, and Janyce Wiebe. SemEval-2014 Task 10: Multilingual Semantic Textual Similarity. In Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval), pp. 81-91, 2014.

[Lin et al., 2014] †

Tsung-Yi Lin, Michael Maire, Serge Belongie, Lubomir Bourdev, Ross Girshick, James Hays, Pietro Perona, Deva Ramanan, C. Lawrence Zitnick, and Piotr Dollár. Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 740-755, 2014.

[Marelli et al., 2014] †

Macro Marelli, Luisa Bentivogli, Marco Baroni, Raffaella Bernardi, Stefano Menini, and Robero Zamparelli. SemEval-2014 Task 1: Evaluation of Compositional Distributional Semantic Models on Full Sentences through Semantic Relatedness and Textual Entailment. In Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval), pp. 1-8, 2014.

[Vila et al., 2014b] †

Marta Vila, Manuel Bertran, M. Antònia Martí, and Horacio Rodríguez. Corpus Annotation with Paraphrase Types: New Annotation Scheme and Inter-annotator Agreement Measures. Language Resources and Evaluation, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 77-105, 2014.

[Wubben et al., 2014] †

Sander Wubben, Antal van den Bosch, and Emiel Krahmer. Creating and Using Large Monolingual Parallel Corpora for Sentential Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 4292-4299, 2014.

[Xu et al., 2014] †

Wei Xu, Alan Ritter, Chris Callison-Burch, William B. Dolan, and Yangfeng Ji. Extracting Lexically Divergent Paraphrases from Twitter. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL), Vol. 2, pp. 435-448, 2014.

[Burrows et al., 2013] †

Steven Burrows, Martin Potthast, and Benno Stein. Paraphrase Acquisition via Crowdsourcing and Machine Learning. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology , Vol. 4, No. 3, Article 43, pp. 1-21, 2013.

[Fader et al., 2013] †

Anthony Fader, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Oren Etzioni. Paraphrase-Driven Learning for Open Question Answering. In Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 1608-1618, 2013.

[Xu et al., 2013] †

Wei Xu, Alan Ritter, and Ralph Grishman. Gathering and Generating Paraphrases from Twitter with Application to Normalization. In Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Building and Using Comparable Corpora, pp. 121-128, 2013.

[Yan et al., 2013] †

Yulan Yan, Chikara Hashimoto, Kentaro Torisawa, Takao Kawai, Jun'ichi Kazama, and Stijn De Saeger. Minimally Supervised Method for Multilingual Paraphrase Extraction from Definition Sentences on the Web. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 63-73, 2013.

[Demir et al., 2012] †

Seniz Demir, Ilknur Durgar El-Kahlout, Erdem Unal, and Hamza Kaya. Turkish Paraphrase Corpus. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 2012.

[Chen and Dolan, 2011] †

David L. Chen and William B. Dolan. Collecting Highly Parallel Data for Paraphrase Evaluation. In Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 190-200, 2011.

[Hashimoto et al., 2011] †

Chikara Hashimoto, Kentaro Torisawa, Stijn De Saeger, Jun'ichi Kazama, and Sadao Kurohashi. Extracting Paraphrases from Definition Sentences on the Web. In Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 1087-1097, 2011.

[Wubben et al., 2009] †

Sander Wubben, Antal van den Bosch, Emiel Krahmer, and Erwin Marsi. Clustering and Matching Headlines for Automatic Paraphrase Acquisition. In Proceedings of the 12th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (EWNLG), pp. 122-125, 2009.

[Cohn et al., 2008] †

Trevor Cohn, Chris Callison-Burch, and Mirella Lapata. Constructing Corpora for the Development and Evaluation of Paraphrase Systems. Computational Linguistics, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 597-614, 2008.

[藤田ら, 2006c] †

藤田篤, 乾健太郎. クラス指向事例収集手法による言い換えコーパスの構築. 自然言語処理, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 133-150, 2006.

[Brockett and Dolan, 2005] †

Chris Brockett and William B. Dolan. Support Vector Machines for Paraphrase Identification and Corpus Construction. [IWP, 2005], pp. 1-8, 2005.

[Dolan and Brockett, 2005] †

William B. Dolan and Chris Brockett. Automatically Constructing a Corpus of Sentential Paraphrases. [IWP, 2005], pp. 9-16, 2005.

[Fujita and Inui, 2005] †

Atsushi Fujita and Kentaro Inui. A Class-oriented Approach to Building a Paraphrase Corpus. [IWP, 2005], pp. 25-32, 2005.

[Dolan et al., 2004] †

Bill Dolan, Chris Quirk, and Chris Brockett. Unsupervised Construction of Large Paraphrase Corpora: Exploiting Massively Parallel News Sources. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 350-356, 2004.

[Quirk et al., 2004] †

Chris Quirk, Chris Brockett, and William Dolan. Monolingual Machine Translation for Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 142-149, 2004.

[Shimohata et al., 2004] †

Mitsuo Shimohata, Eiichiro Sumita, and Yuji Matsumoto. Building a Paraphrase Corpus for Speech Translation. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1407-1410, 2004.

[Shimohata, 2004] †

Mitsuo Shimohata. Acquiring Paraphrases from Corpora and Its Application to Machine Translation. Ph.D. Thesis, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 2004.

[Shirai et al., 2002] †

Satoshi Shirai, Kazuhide Yamamoto, Francis Bond, and Hozumi Tanaka. Towards a Thesaurus of Predicates. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1965-1972, 2002.

[Shirai et al., 2001] †

Satoshi Shirai, Kazuhide Yamamoto, and Francis Bond. Japanese-English Paraphrase Corpus. In Proceedings of the NLPRS Workshop on Language Resources in Asia, pp. 23-30, 2001.

[Zhang et al., 2001] †

Yujie Zhang, Kazuhide Yamamoto, and Masashi Sakamoto. Paraphrasing Utterances by Reordering Words Using Semi-automatically Acquired Patterns. In Proceedings of the 6th Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium (NLPRS), pp. 195-202, 2001.

[白井ら, 2001b] †

白井諭, 山本和英. 換言事例の収集 -機械翻訳における多様性確保の観点から-. [言ワ, 2001], pp. 3-8, 2001.

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7.b. Knowledge for IR and IE (情報検索, 情報抽出のための同義表現の獲得) †

[Romano et al., 2006] †

Lorenza Romano, Milen Kouylekov, Idan Szpektor, Ido Dagan, and Alberto Lavelli. Investigating a Generic Paraphrase-based Approach for Relation Extraction. In Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL), pp. 409-416, 2006.

[Sekine, 2005] †

Satoshi Sekine. Automatic Paraphrase Discovery Based on Context and Keywords between NE Pairs. [IWP, 2005], pp. 80-87, 2005.

[Murakami and Nasukawa, 2004] †

Akiko Murakami and Tetsuya Nasukawa. Term Aggregation: Mining Synonymous Expressions Using Personal Stylistic Variations. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 806-812, 2004.

[Yoshikane et al., 2003] †

Fuyuki Yoshikane and Keita Tsuji and Kyo Kageura and Christian Jacquemin. Morpho-syntactic Rules for Detecting Japanese Term Variation: Establishment and Evaluation. 自然言語処理, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 3-32, 2003.

[Jacquemin, 1999] †

Christian Jacquemin. Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Representations of Term Variation. In Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 341-348, 1999.

[Jacquemin et al., 1997] †

Christian Jacquemin, Judith L. Klavans, and Evelyne Tzoukermann. Expansion of Multi-word Terms for Indexing and Retrieval Using Morphology and Syntax. In Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 8th European Chapter of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-EACL), pp. 24-31, 1997.

[浦本, 1995] †

浦本直彦. 文の多義性解消における置換可能関係を用いた事例の適用率向上. 人工知能学会誌, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 242-249, 1995.

[Wallis, 1993] †

Peter Wallis. Information Retrieval Based on Paraphrase. In Proceedings of the 3rd Conference of the Pacific Association for Computational Linguistics (PACLING), pp. 118-126, 1993.

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7.c. Translation knowledge (翻訳知識の獲得) †

[Hwang et al., 2008] †

Young-Sook Hwang, Young-Kil Kim, and Sangkyu Park. Paraphrasing Depending on Bilingual Context toward Generalization of Translation Knowledge. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 327-334, 2008.

[今村, 2002] †

今村賢治. 構文解析と融合した階層的句アライメント. 自然言語処理, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 23-42, 2002.

[Melamed, 2001] †

I. Dan Melamed. Empirical methods for exploiting parallel texts. MIT Press, 2001.

[Menezes and Richardson, 2001] †

Arul Menezes and Stephen D. Richardson. A Best-first Alignment Algorithm for Automatic Extraction of Transfer Mappings from Bilingual Corpora. In Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Data-Driven Machine Translation, pp. 39-46, 2001.

[Yamamoto et al., 2001] †

Kaoru Yamamoto and Yuji Matsumoto and Mihoko Kitamura . A Comparative Study on Translation Units for Bilingual Lexicon Extraction. In Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Data-Driven Machine Translation, pp. 87-94, 2001.

[山本ら, 2001] †

山本薫, 松本裕治. 統計的係り受け結果を用いた対訳表現抽出. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 42, No. 9, pp. 2239-2247, 2001.

[Watanabe et al., 2000] †

Hideo Watanabe, Sadao Kurohashi, and Eiji Aramaki. Finding Structural Correspondences from Bilingual Parsed Corpus for Corpus-based Translation. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 906-912, 2000.

[Yamamoto and Matsumoto, 2000] †

Kaoru Yamamoto and Yuji Matsumoto. Acquisition of Phrase-level Bilinguial Correspondence Using Dependency Structure. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 933-939, 2000.

[Meyers et al., 1998] †

Adam Meyers, Roman Yangarber, Ralph Grishman, Catherine Macleod, Antonio Moreno-Sandoval. Deriving Transfer Rules from Dominance-preserving Alignments. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (ACL-COLING), pp. 843-847, 1998.

[Meyers et al., 1996] †

Adam Meyers and Roman Yangarber and Ralph Grishman. Alignment of Shared Forests for Bilingual Corpora. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 460-465, 1996.

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7.d. Sub-sentential paraphrases for generation and recognition (言い換え知識の獲得) †

[Fujita and Isabelle, 2018] †

Atsushi Fujita and Pierre Isabelle. Expanding Paraphrase Lexicons by Exploiting Generalities. ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing (TALLIP), Vol. 17, No. 2, Article 13, pp. 2018.

[Yanaka et al., 2018] †

Hitomi Yanaka, Koji Mineshima, Pascual Martínez-Gómez, and Daisuke Bekki. Acquisition of Phrase Correspondences using Natural Deduction Proofs. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 756-766, 2018.

[Arase and Tsujii, 2017] †

Yuki Arase and Jun'ichi Tsujii. Monolingual Phrase Alignment on Parse Forests. In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1-11, 2017.

[Lan et al., 2017] †

Wuwei Lan, Siyu Qiu, Hua He, and Wei Xu. A Continuously Growing Dataset of Sentential Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1224-1234, 2017.

[Cocos and Callison-Burch, 2016] †

Anne Cocos and Chris Callison-Burch. Clustering Paraphrases by Word Sense. In Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 1463-1472, 2016.

[Grycner and Weikum, 2016] †

Adam Grycner and Gerhard Weikum. POLY: Mining Relational Paraphrases from Multilingual Sentences. In Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 2183-2192, 2016.

[Pavlick and Callison-Burch, 2016] †

Ellie Pavlick and Chris Callison-Burch. Simple PPDB: A Paraphrase Database for Simplification. In Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), short papers, pp. 143-148, 2016.

[Zhang et al., 2016] †

Lilin Zhang, Zhen Weng, Wenyan Xiao, Jianyi Wan, Zhiming Chen, Yiming Tan, Maoxi Li, and Mingwen Wang. Extract Domain-specific Paraphrase from Monolingual Corpus for Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Machine Translation (WMT), pp. 508-514, 2016.

[Fujita and Isabelle, 2015] †

Atsushi Fujita and Pierre Isabelle. Expanding Paraphrase Lexicons by Exploiting Lexical Variants. In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 630-640, 2015.

[Pavlick et al., 2015a] †

Ellie Pavlick, Johan Bos, Malvina Nissim, Charley Beller, Benjamin Van Durme, and Chris Callison-Burch. Adding Semantics to Data-Driven Paraphrasing. In Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, pp. 1512-1522, 2015.

[Pavlick et al., 2015b] †

Ellie Pavlick, Juri Ganitkevitch, Tsz Ping Chan, Xuchen Yao, Benjamin Van Durme, and Chris Callison-Burch. Domain-Specific Paraphrase Extraction . In Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP), short papers, pp. 57-61, 2015.

[Pavlick et al., 2015d] †

Ellie Pavlick, Pushpendre Rastogi, Juri Ganitkevitch, Benjamin Van Durme, and Chris Callison-Burch. PPDB 2.0: Better Paraphrase Ranking, Fine-grained Entailment Relations, Word Embeddings, and Style Classification. In Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP), short papers, pp. 425-430, 2015.

[Apidianaki et al., 2014] †

Marianna Apidianaki, Emilia Verzeni, and Diana McCarthy. Semantic Clustering of Pivot Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 4270-4275, 2014.

[Ganitkevitch and Callison-Burch, 2014] †

Juri Ganitkevitch and Chris Callison-Burch. The Multilingual Paraphrase Database. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 4276-4283, 2014.

[Grycner and Weikum, 2014] †

Adam Grycner and Gerhard Weikum. HARPY: Hypernyms and Alignment of Relational Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 2014.

[Mizukami et al., 2014] †

Masahiro Mizukami, Graham Neubig, Sakriani Sakti, Tomoki Toda, and Satoshi Nakamura. Building a Free, General-Domain Paraphrase Database for Japanese. In Proceedings of the 17th Oriental COCOSDA Conference, pp. 129-133, 2014.

[Pal et al., 2014] †

Santanu Pal, Pintu Lohar, and Sudip Kumar Naskar. Role of Paraphrases in PB-SMT. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics (CICLing), pp. 242-253, 2014.

[Regneri et al., 2014] †

Michaela Regneri, Rui Wang, and Manfred Pinkal. Aligning Predicate-Argument Structures for Paraphrase Fragment Extraction. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 4300-4307, 2014.

[Aziz and Specia, 2013] †

Wilker Aziz and Lucia Specia. Multilingual WSD-like Constraints for Paraphrase Extraction. In Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL), pp. 202-211, 2013.

[Ganitkevitch et al., 2013] †

Juri Ganitkevitch, Benjamin Van Durme, and Chris Callison-Burch. PPDB: The Paraphrase Database. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 758-764, 2013.

[Ling et al., 2013] †

Wang Ling, Chris Dyer, Alan W. Black, and Isabel Trancoso. Paraphrasing 4 Microblog Normalization. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 73-84, 2013.

[Marton, 2013] †

Yuval Marton. Distributional Phrasal Paraphrase Generation for Statistical Machine Translation. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (Special Issue on Paraphrasing), Vol. 4, No. 3, Article 39, pp. 1-32, 2013.

[Turney, 2013] †

Peter Turney. Distributional Semantics Beyond Words: Supervised Learning of Analogy and Paraphrases. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL), Vol. 1, pp. 353-366, 2013.

[Yan et al., 2013] †

Yulan Yan, Chikara Hashimoto, Kentaro Torisawa, Takao Kawai, Jun'ichi Kazama, and Stijn De Saeger. Minimally Supervised Method for Multilingual Paraphrase Extraction from Definition Sentences on the Web. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 63-73, 2013.

[Zhang and Weld, 2013] †

Congle Zhang and Daniel S. Weld. Harvesting Parallel News Streams to Generate Paraphrases of Event Relations. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1776-1786, 2013.

[Bouamor et al., 2012a] †

Houda Bouamor, Aurélien Max, and Anne Vilnat. Validation of Sub-sentential Paraphrases Acquired from Parallel Monolingual Corpora. In Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for computational Linguistics (EACL), pp. 2012.

[Bouamor et al., 2012b] †

Houda Bouamor, Aurélien Max, Gabriel Illouz, and Anne Vilnat. A contrastive review of paraphrase acquisition techniques. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 2012.

[Fujita et al., 2012] †

Atsushi Fujita, Pierre Isabelle, and Roland Kuhn . Enlarging Paraphrase Collections through Generalization and Instantiation. In Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL), pp. 631-642, 2012.

[Ganitkevitch et al., 2012] †

Juri Ganitkevitch, Benjamin Van Durme, and Chris Callison-Burch. Monolingual Distributional Similarity for Text-to-Text Generation. In Proceedings of the 1st Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM),, pp. 256-264, 2012.

[Max et al., 2012] †

Aurélien Max, Houda Bouamor, and Anne Vilnat. Generalizing Sub-sentential Paraphrase Acquisition across Original Signal Type of Text Pairs. In Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL), pp. 721-731, 2012.

[Regneri and Wang, 2012] †

Michaela Regneri and Rui Wang . Using Discourse Information for Paraphrase Extraction. In Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL), pp. 916-927, 2012.

[Shima and Mitamura, 2012] †

Hideki Shima, and Teruko Mitamura. Diversified Bootstrapping for Acquiring High-Coverage Paraphrase Resource. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 2012.

[Chan et al., 2011] †

Tsz Ping Chan, Chris Callison-Burch, and Benjamin VanDurme. Reranking Bilingually Extracted Paraphrases Using Monolingual Distributional Similarity. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Geometrical Models of Natual Language Semantics (GEMS), pp. 33-42, 2011.

[Hashimoto et al., 2011] †

Chikara Hashimoto, Kentaro Torisawa, Stijn De Saeger, Jun'ichi Kazama, and Sadao Kurohashi. Extracting Paraphrases from Definition Sentences on the Web. In Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 1087-1097, 2011.

[Marton et al., 2011] †

Yuval Marton, Ahmed El Kholy, Nizar Habash. Filtering Antonymous, Trend-Contrtasting, and Polarity-Dissimilar Distributional Paraphrases for Improving Statistical Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT), pp. 237-249, 2011.

[Wang et al., 2011] †

Rui Wang and Chris Callison-Burch. Paraphrase Fragment Extraction from Monolingual Comparable Corpora. In Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Building and Using Comparable Corpora: Comparable Corpora and the Web, pp. 52-60, 2011.

[Bouamor et al., 2010] †

Houda Bouamor, Aurélien Max, and Anne Vilnat. Comparison of Paraphrase Acquisition Techniques on Sentential Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (IceTAL), pp. 67-78, 2010.

[Fujita and Sato, 2010] †

Atsushi Fujita and Satoshi Sato. Measuring the Appropriateness of Automatically Generated Phrasal Paraphrases. 自然言語処理, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 183-219, 2010.

[Kok and Brockett, 2010] †

Stanley Kok and Chris Brockett. Hitting the Right Paraphrases in Good Time. In Proceedings of the 2010 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 145-153, 2010.

[De Saeger et al., 2009] †

Stijn De Saeger, Kentaro Torisawa, Jun'ichi Kazama, Kow Kuroda, and Masaki Murata. Large Scale Relation Acquisition Using Class Dependent Patterns. In Proceedings of the 2009 9th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), pp. 764-769, 2009.

[Marton et al., 2009] †

Yuval Marton, Chris Callison-Burch, and Philip Resnik. Improved Statistical Machine Translation Using Monolingually-derived Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 381-390, 2009.

[Wang et al., 2009] †

Xiaoyin Wang, David Lo, Jing Jiang, Lu Zhang, and Hong Mei. Extracting Paraphrases of Technical Terms from Noisy Parallel Software Corpus. In Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP), short papers, pp. 197-200, 2009.

[Zhao et al., 2009b] †

Shiqi Zhao, Xiang Lan, Ting Liu, and Sheng Li. Extracting Paraphrase Patterns from Bilingual Parallel Corpora. Natural Language Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 503-526, 2009.

[難波ら, 2009] †

難波英嗣, 釜屋英昭, 竹澤寿幸, 奥村学, 新森昭宏, 谷川英和. 論文用語の特許用語への自動変換. 情報処理学会論文誌(TOD), Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 81-92, 2009.

[Abe et al., 2008a] †

Shuya Abe, Kentaro Inui, and Yuji Matsumoto. Acquiring Event Relation Knowledge by Learning Cooccurrencepatterns and Fertilizing Cooccurrence Samples with Verbal Nouns. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 497-504, 2008.

[Abe et al., 2008b] †

Shuya Abe, Kentaro Inui, and Yuji Matsumoto. Two-phased Event Relation Acquisition: Coupling the Relation-oriented and Argument-oriented Approaches. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1-8, 2008.

[Bhagat and Ravichandran, 2008] †

Rahul Bhagat and Deepak Ravichandran. Large Scale Acquisition of Paraphrases for Learning Surface Patterns. In Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 161-170, 2008.

[Callison-Burch, 2008] †

Chris Callison-Burch. Syntactic Constraints on Paraphrases Extracted from Parallel Corpora. In Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 196-205, 2008.

[Fujita and Sato, 2008a] †

Atsushi Fujita and Satoshi Sato. Computing Paraphrasability of Syntactic Variants Using Web Snippets. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 537-544, 2008.

[Fujita and Sato, 2008b] †

Atsushi Fujita and Satoshi Sato. A Probabilistic Model for Measuring Grammaticality and Similarity of Automatically Generated Paraphrases of Predicate Phrases. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 225-232, 2008.

[Hagiwara et al., 2008] †

Masato Hagiwara, Yasuhiro Ogawa, and Katsuhiko Toyama. Context Feature Selection for Distributional Similarity. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 553-560, 2008.

[Hwang et al., 2008] †

Young-Sook Hwang, Young-Kil Kim, and Sangkyu Park. Paraphrasing Depending on Bilingual Context toward Generalization of Translation Knowledge. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 327-334, 2008.

[Zhao et al., 2008a] †

Shiqi Zhao, Haifeng Wang, Ting Liu, and Sheng Li. Pivot Approach for Extracting Paraphrase Patterns from Bilingual Corpora. In Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 780-788, 2008.

[Zhao et al., 2008b] †

Shiqi Zhao, Cheng Niu, Ming Zhou, Ting Liu, and Sheng Li. Combining Multiple Resources to Improve SMT-based Paraphrasing Model. In Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 1021-1029, 2008.

[Basili et al., 2007] †

Roberto Basili, Diego De Cao, Paolo Marocco, and Marco Pennacchiotti. Learning Selectional Preferences for Entailment or Paraphrasing Rules. In Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP), pp. 2007.

[Callison-Burch, 2007] †

Chris Callison-Burch. Paraphrasing and Translation. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007.

[Fujita et al., 2007] †

Atsushi Fujita, Shuhei Kato, Naoki Kato, and Satoshi Sato. A Compositional Approach toward Dynamic Phrasal Thesaurus. In Proceedings of the ACL-PASCAL Workshop on Textual Entailment and Paraphrasing (WTEP), pp. 151-158, 2007.

[Inkpen, 2007] †

Diana Inkpen. A Statistical Model for Near-synonym Choice. ACM Transactions of Speech and Language Processing, Vol.4, No.1, pp. 1-17, 2007.

[Szpektor et al., 2007] †

Idan Szpektor, Eyal Shnarch, and Ido Dagan. Instance-based Evaluation of Entailment Rule Acquisition. In Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 456-463, 2007.

[Szpektor et al., 2007b] †

Idan Szpektor and Ido Dagan. Learning Canonical Forms of Entailment Rules. In Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP), pp. xxx-xxx, 2007.

[Callison-Burch et al., 2006] †

Chris Callison-Burch, Philipp Koehn, and Miles Osborne. Improved Statistical Machine Translation Using Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 2006 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 17-24, 2006.

[Hagiwara et al., 2006] †

Masato Hagiwara, Yasuhiro Ogawa, and Katsuhiko Toyama. Selection of Effective Contextual Information for Automatic Synonym Acquisition. In Proceedings of the 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics (ACL-COLING), pp. 353-360, 2006.

[Qiu et al., 2006] †

Long Qiu, Min-Yen Kan, and Tat-Seng Chua. Paraphrase Recognition via Dissimilarity Significance Classification. In Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 18-26, 2006.

[Shen et al., 2006] †

Siwei Shen, Dragomir R. Radev, Agam Patel, and Güneş Erkan. Adding Syntax to Dynamic Programming for Aligning Comparable Texts for the Generation of Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics (ACL-COLING), pp. 747-754, 2006.

[Zhou et al., 2006a] †

Liang Zhou, Chin-Yew Lin, Dragos Stefan Munteanu, and Eduard Hovy. ParaEval: Using Paraphrases to Evaluate Summaries Automatically. In Proceedings of the 2006 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 447-454, 2006.

[van der Plas and Tiedemann, 2006] †

Lonneke van der Plas and Jöerg Tiedemann. Finding Synonyms Using Automatic Word Alignment and Measures of Distributional Similarity. In Proceedings of the 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics (ACL-COLING), pp. 866-873, 2006.

[Bannard and Callison-Burch, 2005] †

Colin Bannard and Chris Callison-Burch. Paraphrasing with Bilingual Parallel Corpora. In Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 597-604, 2005.

[Paşca and Dienes, 2005] †

Marius Paşca and Péter Dienes. Aligning Needles in a Haystack: Paraphrase Acquisition across the Web. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 119-130, 2005.

[Shimohata and Sumita, 2005] †

Mitsuo Shimohata and Eiichiro Sumita. Acquiring Synonyms from Monolingual Comparable Texts. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 233-244, 2005.

[岩越ら, 2005b] †

岩越守孝, 増田英孝, 中川裕志. Webと携帯端末向けの新聞記事の対応コーパスからの文末言い換え抽出. 自然言語処理, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 157-183, 2005.

[Dolan et al., 2004] †

Bill Dolan, Chris Quirk, and Chris Brockett. Unsupervised Construction of Large Paraphrase Corpora: Exploiting Massively Parallel News Sources. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 350-356, 2004.

[Poibeau, 2004] †

Thierry Poibeau. Automatic Extraction of Paraphrastic Phrases from Medium Size Corpora. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 638-644, 2004.

[Quirk et al., 2004] †

Chris Quirk, Chris Brockett, and William Dolan. Monolingual Machine Translation for Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 142-149, 2004.

[Shimohata, 2004] †

Mitsuo Shimohata. Acquiring Paraphrases from Corpora and Its Application to Machine Translation. Ph.D. Thesis, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 2004.

[Szpektor et al., 2004] †

Idan Szpektor, Hristo Tanev, Ido Dagan, and Bonaventure Coppola. Scaling Web-based Acquisition of Entailment Relations. In Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 41-48, 2004.

[村田ら, 2004b] †

村田真樹, 井佐原均, 金丸敏幸. 複数の辞書の定義文の照合に基づく同義表現の自動獲得. 自然言語処理, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 135-149, 2004.

[柏岡, 2004] †

柏岡秀紀. 多言語パラレルコーパスを利用した言い換え表現グループの構築と分析. 自然言語処理, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 3-17, 2004.

[Barzilay and Lee, 2003a] †

Regina Barzilay and Lillian Lee. Learning to Paraphrase: An Unsupervised Approach Using Multiple-sequence Alignment. In Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference and the 3rd Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 16-23, 2003.

[Barzilay, 2003c] †

Regina Barzilay. Information Fusion for Multidocument Summarization: Paraphrasing and Generation. Ph.D. Thesis, Columbia University, 2003.

[Glickman and Dagan, 2003] †

Oren Glickman and Ido Dagan. Identifying Lexical Paraphrases from a Single Corpus: A Case Study for Verbs. In Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP), pp. xxx-xxx, 2003.

[Ibrahim et al., 2003] †

Ali Ibrahim, Boris Katz, and Jimmy Lin. Extracting Structural Paraphrases from Aligned Monolingual Corpora. [IWP, 2003], pp. 57-64, 2003.

[Pang et al., 2003] †

Bo Pang, Kevin Knight, and Daniel Marcu. Syntax-based Alignment of Multiple Translations: Extracting Paraphrases and Generating New Sentences. In Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference and the 3rd Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 102-109, 2003.

[Shinyama and Sekine, 2003] †

Yusuke Shinyama and Satoshi Sekine. Paraphrase Acquisition for Information Extraction. [IWP, 2003], pp. 65-71, 2003.

[Tokunaga et al., 2003] †

Takenobu Tokunaga, Hozumi Tanaka, and Kenji Kimura. Paraphrasing Japanese Noun Phrases Using Character-based Indexing. [IWP, 2003], pp. 80-87, 2003.

[Wu and Zhou, 2003a] †

Hua Wu and Ming Zhou. Synonymous Collocation Extraction Using Translation Information. In Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 120-127, 2003.

[Wu and Zhou, 2003b] †

Hua Wu and Ming Zhou. Optimizing Synonym Extraction Using Monolingual and Bilingual Resources. [IWP, 2003], pp. 72-79, 2003.

[下畑ら, 2003] †

下畑光夫, 渡辺太郎, 隅田英一郎, 松本裕治. パラレルコーパスからの機械翻訳向け同義表現抽出. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 44, No. 11, pp. 2854-2863, 2003.

[Barzilay and Lee, 2002] †

Regina Barzilay and Lillian Lee. Bootstrapping Lexical Choice via Multiple-sequence Alignment. In Proceedings of the 2002 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 164-171, 2002.

[Kaji et al., 2002] †

Nobuhiro Kaji, Daisuke Kawahara, Sadao Kurohashi, and Satoshi Sato. Verb Paraphrase Based on Case Frame Alignment. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 215-222, 2002.

[Pakhomov, 2002] †

Serguei Pakhomov. Semi-supervised Maximum Entropy Based Approach to Acronym and Abbreviation Normalization in Medical Texts. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 160-167, 2002.

[Shimohata and Sumita, 2002b] †

Mitsuo Shimohata and Eiichiro Sumita. Identifying Synonymous Expressions from a Bilingual Corpus for Example-based Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the COLING Workshop on Machine Translation in Asia, pp. 20-25, 2002.

[Shinyama et al., 2002] †

Yusuke Shinyama, Satoshi Sekine, Kiyoshi Sudo, and Ralph Grishman. Automatic Paraphrase Acquisition from News Articles. In Proceedings of Human Language Technology Conference (HLT), 2002.

[Takao et al., 2002] †

Kazutaka Takao, Kenji Imamura, and Hideki Kashioka. Comparing and Extracting Paraphrasing Words with 2-way Bilingual Dictionaries. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1016-1022, 2002.

[Torisawa, 2002] †

Kentaro Torisawa. An Unsupervised Learning Method for Associative Relationships between Verb Phrases. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1009-1015, 2002.

[Yamamoto, 2002b] †

Kazuhide Yamamoto. Acquisition of Lexical Paraphrases from Texts. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Computational Terminology (Computerm), pp. 22-28, 2002.

[Barzilay and McKeown, 2001] †

Regina Barzilay and Kathleen R. McKeown. Extracting Paraphrases from a Parallel Corpus. In Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 50-57, 2001.

[Lin and Pantel, 2001] †

Dekang Lin and Patrick Pantel. Discovery of Inference Rules for Question Answering. Natural Language Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 343-360, 2001.

[Terada and Tokunaga, 2001] †

Akira Terada and Takenobu Tokunaga. Automatic Disabbreviation by Using Context Information. [NLPRSWS, 2001], pp. 21-28, 2001.

[Torisawa, 2001a] †

Kentaro Torisawa. A Nearly Unsupervised Learning Method for Automatic Paraphrasing of Japanese Noun Phrases. [NLPRSWS, 2001], pp. 63-72, 2001.

[Torisawa, 2001b] †

Kentaro Torisawa. A Unsupervised Method for Canonicalization of Japanese Postpositions. In Proceedings of the 6th Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium (NLPRS), pp. 211-218, 2001.

[今村ら, 2001] †

今村賢治, 秋葉泰弘, 隅田英一郎. 階層的句アライメントを用いた日本語翻訳文の換言. [言ワ, 2001], pp. 15-20, 2001.

[大竹ら, 2001a] †

大竹清敬, 児玉充, 増山繁, 山本和英. 多重修飾された名詞句からの換言事例の自動収集. [言ワ, 2001], pp. 51-54, 2001.

[関根, 2001] †

関根聡. 複数の新聞を使用した言い替え表現の自動抽出. [言ワ, 2001], pp. 9-14, 2001.

[加藤ら, 1999] †

加藤直人, 浦谷則好. 局所的要約知識の自動獲得手法. 自然言語処理, Vol. 6, No. 7, pp. 73-92, 1999.

[Lin, 1998b] †

Dekang Lin. Automatic Retrieval and Clustering of Similar Words. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (ACL-COLING), pp. 768-774, 1998.

[山口ら, 1998] †

山口昌也, 乾伸雄, 小谷善行, 西村恕彦. 前編集結果を利用した前編集自動化規則の獲得. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 17-28, 1998.

[Show/Hide misc]

7.e. Use of glosses (語釈文の利用) †

[Yan et al., 2013] †

Yulan Yan, Chikara Hashimoto, Kentaro Torisawa, Takao Kawai, Jun'ichi Kazama, and Stijn De Saeger. Minimally Supervised Method for Multilingual Paraphrase Extraction from Definition Sentences on the Web. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 63-73, 2013.

[Hashimoto et al., 2011] †

Chikara Hashimoto, Kentaro Torisawa, Stijn De Saeger, Jun'ichi Kazama, and Sadao Kurohashi. Extracting Paraphrases from Definition Sentences on the Web. In Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 1087-1097, 2011.

[Kaji, 2005] †

Nobuhiro Kaji. Paraphrasing Written Language to Spoken Language. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tokyo, 2005.

[Kaji and Kurohashi, 2004] †

Nobuhiro Kaji and Sadao Kurohashi. Recognition and Paraphrasing of Periphrastic and Overlapping Verb Phrases. In Proceedings of the LREC Workshop on Methodologies and Evaluation of Multiword Units in Real-world Application (MEMURA), pp. 24-30, 2004.

[鍜治ら, 2004a] †

鍜治伸裕, 黒橋禎夫. 迂言表現と重複表現の認識と言い換え. 自然言語処理, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 81-106, 2004.

[鍜治ら, 2003b] †

鍜治伸裕, 河原大輔, 黒橋禎夫, 佐藤理史. 格フレームの対応付けに基づく用言の言い換え. 自然言語処理, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 65-81, 2003.

[Kaji et al., 2002] †

Nobuhiro Kaji, Daisuke Kawahara, Sadao Kurohashi, and Satoshi Sato. Verb Paraphrase Based on Case Frame Alignment. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 215-222, 2002.

[Kondo and Okumura, 1997] †

Keiko Kondo and Manabu Okumura. Summarization with Dictionary-based Paraphrasing. In Proceedings of the 5th Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium (NLPRS), pp. 649-652, 1997.

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7.f. Probabilistic models (確率モデル) †

[Torisawa, 2002] †

Kentaro Torisawa. An Unsupervised Learning Method for Associative Relationships between Verb Phrases. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1009-1015, 2002.

[Torisawa, 2001a] †

Kentaro Torisawa. A Nearly Unsupervised Learning Method for Automatic Paraphrasing of Japanese Noun Phrases. [NLPRSWS, 2001], pp. 63-72, 2001.

[Torisawa, 2001b] †

Kentaro Torisawa. A Unsupervised Method for Canonicalization of Japanese Postpositions. In Proceedings of the 6th Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium (NLPRS), pp. 211-218, 2001.

[Lin, 1998a] †

Dekang Lin. Extracting Collocations from Text Corpora. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Computational Terminology (CompuTerm), pp. 57-63, 1998.

[Pereira et al., 1993] †

Fernando Pereira, Naftali Tishby, and Lillian Le. Distributional Clustering of English Words. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 183-190, 1993.

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7.g. Orthographic variants (異表記収集) †

[Fujita and Isabelle, 2018] †

Atsushi Fujita and Pierre Isabelle. Expanding Paraphrase Lexicons by Exploiting Generalities. ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing (TALLIP), Vol. 17, No. 2, Article 13, pp. 2018.

[Fujita and Isabelle, 2015] †

Atsushi Fujita and Pierre Isabelle. Expanding Paraphrase Lexicons by Exploiting Lexical Variants. In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 630-640, 2015.

[Ling et al., 2013] †

Wang Ling, Chris Dyer, Alan W. Black, and Isabel Trancoso. Paraphrasing 4 Microblog Normalization. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 73-84, 2013.

[Masuyama and Nakagawa, 2005] †

Takeshi Masuyama and Hiroshi Nakagawa. Web-based Acquisition of Japanese Katakana Variants. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual International ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR), pp. 338-344, 2005.

[Masuyama et al., 2004] †

Takeshi Masuyama, Satoshi Sekine, and Hiroshi Nakagawa. Automatic Construction of Japanese KATAKANA Variant List from Large Corpus. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1214-1219, 2004.

[Ohtake et al., 2004] †

Kiyonori Ohtake, Youichi Sekiguchi, and Kazuhide Yamamoto. Detecting Transliterated Orthographic Variants via Two Similarity Metrics. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 709-715, 2004.

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7.h. Acronym (略語) †

[酒井ら, 2005] †

酒井浩之, 増山繁. 略語とその原型語との対応関係のコーパスからの自動獲得手法の改良. 自然言語処理, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 207-231, 2005.

[Pakhomov, 2002] †

Serguei Pakhomov. Semi-supervised Maximum Entropy Based Approach to Acronym and Abbreviation Normalization in Medical Texts. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 160-167, 2002.

[酒井ら, 2002] †

酒井浩之, 増山繁. 名詞とその略語の対応関係のコーパスからの自動獲得. 電子情報通信学会論文誌D-II, Vol.J85-D-2, No.10, pp. 1624-1628, 2002.

[Terada and Tokunaga, 2001] †

Akira Terada and Takenobu Tokunaga. Automatic Disabbreviation by Using Context Information. [NLPRSWS, 2001], pp. 21-28, 2001.

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7.i. Textual entailment / inference (含意，推論) †

[Watanabe et al., 2012] †

Yotaro Watanabe, Junta Mizuno, Eric Nichols, Katsuma Narisawa, Keita Nabeshima, Naoaki Okazaki and Kentaro Inui. Leveraging Diverse Lexical Resources for Textual Entailment Recognition. ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing (TALIP), Vol. 11, No. 4, Article 18, pp. 2012.

[Bar-Haim et al., 2009] †

Roy Bar-Haim, Jonathan Berant, and Ido Dagan. A Compact Forest for Scalable Inference over Entailment and Paraphrase Rules. In Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1056-1065, 2009.

[Abe et al., 2008a] †

Shuya Abe, Kentaro Inui, and Yuji Matsumoto. Acquiring Event Relation Knowledge by Learning Cooccurrencepatterns and Fertilizing Cooccurrence Samples with Verbal Nouns. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 497-504, 2008.

[Abe et al., 2008b] †

Shuya Abe, Kentaro Inui, and Yuji Matsumoto. Two-phased Event Relation Acquisition: Coupling the Relation-oriented and Argument-oriented Approaches. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1-8, 2008.

[Szpektor and Dagan, 2008] †

Idan Szpektor and Ido Dagan. Learning Entailment Rules for Unary Templates. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 849-856, 2008.

[Szpektor et al., 2008a] †

Idan Szpektor, Ido Dagan, Roy Bar-Haim, and Jacob Goldberger. Contextual Preference. In Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 683-691, 2008.

[Bhagat et al., 2007] †

Rahul Bhagat, Patrick Pantel, and Eduard Hovy. LEDIR: An Unsupervised Algorithm for Learning Directionality of Inference Rules. In Proceedings of the 2007 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 161-170, 2007.

[Pantel et al., 2007] †

Patrick Pantel, Rahul Bhagat, Bonaventura Coppola, Timothy Chklovski, and Eduard Hovy. ISP: Learning Inferential Selectional Preferences. In Proceedings of Human Language Technologies 2007: The Conference of the North American Chapter of the Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 564-571, 2007.

[Szpektor et al., 2007] †

Idan Szpektor, Eyal Shnarch, and Ido Dagan. Instance-based Evaluation of Entailment Rule Acquisition. In Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 456-463, 2007.

[Szpektor et al., 2007b] †

Idan Szpektor and Ido Dagan. Learning Canonical Forms of Entailment Rules. In Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP), pp. xxx-xxx, 2007.

[Dagan et al., 2006] †

Ido Dagan, Oren Glickman, Alfio Gliozzo, Efrat Marmorshtein, and Carlo Strapparava. Direct Word Sense Matching for Lexical Substitution. In Proceedings of the 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics (ACL-COLING), pp. 449-456, 2006.

[Glickman et al., 2006] †

Oren Glickman, Eyal Shnarch, and Ido Dagan. Lexical Reference: A Semantic Matching Subtask. In Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 172-179, 2006.

[Glickman, 2006] †

Oren Glickman. Applied Textual Entailment. Ph.D. Thesis, Bar Ilan University, 2006.

[Pekar, 2006] †

Viktor Pekar. Acquisition of Verb Entailment from Text. In Proceedings of the 2006 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 49-56, 2006.

[RTE, 2006] †

The 2nd PASCAL Recognising Textual Entailment Challenge (RTE 2). Recognising Textual Entailment Challenge, 2006.

[Zanzotto et al., 2006] †

Fabio Massimo Zanzotto, Marco Pennacchiotti, and Maria Teresa Pazienza. Discovering Asymmetric Entailment Relations between Verbs Using Selectional Preferences. In Proceedings of the 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics (ACL-COLING), pp. 849-856, 2006.

[Geffet and Dagan, 2005] †

Maayan Geffet and Ido Dagan. The Distributional Inclusion Hypotheses and Lexical Entailment. In Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 107-114, 2005.

[RTE, 2005] †

The 1st Recognising Textual Entailment Challenge (RTE 1). Recognising Textual Entailment Challenge, 2005.

[Takahashi, 2005] †

Tetsuro Takahashi. Computation of Semantic Equivalence for Question Answering. Ph.D. Thesis, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 2005.

[Tatu and Moldovan, 2005] †

Marta Tatu and Dan Moldovan. A Semantic Approach to Recognizing Textual Entailment. In Proceedings of the 2005 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 371-378, 2005.

[Zaenen et al., 2005] †

Annie Zaenen, Lauri Karttunen, and Richard Crouch. Local Textual Inference: Can it be Defined or Circumscribed?. In Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Empirical Modeling of Semantic Equivalence and Entailment, pp. 31-36, 2005.

[Glickman and Dagan, 2004] †

Oren Glickman and Ido Dagan. Acquiring Lexical Paraphrases from a Single Corpus. The PASCAL recognizing textual entailment challenge, pp. xxx-xxx, 2004.

[Szpektor et al., 2004] †

Idan Szpektor, Hristo Tanev, Ido Dagan, and Bonaventure Coppola. Scaling Web-based Acquisition of Entailment Relations. In Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 41-48, 2004.

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7.j. Dialect (方言) †

[Salloum and Habash, 2011] †

Wael Salloum and Nizar Habash. Dialectal to Standard Arabic Paraphrasing to Improve Arabic-English Statistical Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the First Workshop on Algorithms and Resources for Modelling of Dialects and Language Varieties, pp. 10-21, 2011.

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8. Applications (アプリケーション・目的指向) †

[Zhao et al., 2009a] †

Shiqi Zhao, Xiang Lan, Ting Liu, and Sheng Li. Application-driven Statistical Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP), pp. 834-842, 2009.

8.a. Summarization (要約) †

[Ma et al., 2018] †

Shuming Ma, Xu Sun, Wei Li, Sujian Li, Wenjie Li, and Xuancheng Ren. Query and Output: Generating Words by Querying Distributed Word Representations for Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 196-206, 2018.

[Ganitkevitch et al., 2011] †

Juri Ganitkevitch, Chris Callison-Burch, Courtney Napoles, and Benjamin Van Durme. Learning Sentential Paraphrases from Bilingual Parallel Corpora for Text-to-Text Generation. In Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1168-1179, 2011.

[Napoles et al., 2011] †

Courtney Napoles, Chris Callison-Burch, Juri Ganitkevitch, and Benjamin Van Durme. Paraphrastic Sentence Compression with a Character-based Metric: Tightening without Deletion. [Text-To-Text, 2011], pp. 84-90, 2011.

[Hirao et al., 2005] †

Ttsutomu Hirao, Manabu Okumura, and Hideki Isozaki. Kernel-based Approach for Automatic Evaluation of Natural Language Generation Technologies: Application to Automatic Summarization. In Proceedings of Human Language Technology Conference and Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (HLT/EMNLP), pp. 145-152, 2005.

[Ikeda and Yamamoto, 2005] †

Satoshi Ikeda and Kazuhide Yamamoto. Transforming a Sentence End into News Headline Style. [IWP, 2005], pp. 41-48, 2005.

[Wan et al., 2005] †

Stephen Wan, Mark Dras, Robert Dale, and Cécile Paris. Towards Statistical Paraphrase Generation: Preliminary Evaluations of Grammaticality. [IWP, 2005], pp. 88-95, 2005.

[岩越ら, 2005b] †

岩越守孝, 増田英孝, 中川裕志. Webと携帯端末向けの新聞記事の対応コーパスからの文末言い換え抽出. 自然言語処理, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 157-183, 2005.

[渡邊ら, 2004] †

渡邊拓也, 太田学, 片山薫, 石川博. 格文法を用いた複数文書融合手法. 日本データベース学会Letters, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 97-100, 2004.

[Barzilay, 2003c] †

Regina Barzilay. Information Fusion for Multidocument Summarization: Paraphrasing and Generation. Ph.D. Thesis, Columbia University, 2003.

[竹内ら, 2002b] †

竹内和広, 松本裕治. 自動文節対応付けを用いた要約文中の文再構成操作の調査. 自然言語処理, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 87-108, 2002.

[Radev et al., 2001a] †

Dragomir R. Radev, Sasha Blair-Goldensohn, and Zhu Zhang. Experiments in Single and Multi-document Summarization Using MEAD. In Proceedings of the 1st Document Understanding Conference (DUC), 2001.

[大竹ら, 2001b] †

大竹清敬, 増山繁. 多重修飾に着目した文内要約: 削除型換言. [言ワ, 2001], pp. 59-61, 2001.

[奥村ら, 2001] †

奥村学, 難波英嗣. テキスト自動要約に関する最近の話題. 自然言語処理, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 97-116, 2001.

[Jing and McKeown, 2000] †

Hongyan Jing and Kathleen R. McKeown. Cut and Paste Based Text Summarization. In Proceedings of the 1st Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 178-185, 2000.

[Nanba and Okumura, 2000] †

Hidetsugu Nanba and Manabu Okumura. Producing More Readable Extracts by Revising Them. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1071-1075, 2000.

[片岡ら, 2000] †

片岡明, 増山繁, 山本和英. 動詞型連体修飾表現の``N1のN2''への言い換え. 自然言語処理, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 79-98, 2000.

[Barzilay et al., 1999] †

Regina Barzilay, Kathleen R. McKeown, and Michael Elhadad. Information Fusion in the Context of Multi-document Summarization. In Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 550-557, 1999.

[Mani et al., 1999] †

Inderjeet Mani, Barbara Gates, and Eric Bloedorn. Improving Summaries by Revising Them. In Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 558-565, 1999.

[McKeown et al., 1999] †

Kathleen R. McKeown, Judith L. Klavans, Vasileios Hatzivassiloglou, Regina Barzilay, and Eleazar Eskin. Towards Multidocument Summarization by Reformulation: Progress and Prospects. In Proceedings of the 16th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and 11th Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-IAAI), pp. 453-460, 1999.

[加藤ら, 1999] †

加藤直人, 浦谷則好. 局所的要約知識の自動獲得手法. 自然言語処理, Vol. 6, No. 7, pp. 73-92, 1999.

[奥村ら, 1999] †

奥村学, 難波英嗣. テキスト自動要約に関する研究動向. 自然言語処理, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 1-26, 1999.

[福島ら, 1999] †

福島孝博, 江原暉将, 白井克彦. 短文分割の自動要約への効果. 自然言語処理, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 131-147, 1999.

[Sato and Sato, 1998a] †

Satoshi Sato and Madoka Sato. Rewriting in Automated Editing of QA-Pack. JSPS-HITACHI Workshop on New Challenges in Natural Language Processing and Its Application, pp. 59-64, 1998.

[Sato and Sato, 1998b] †

Satoshi Sato and Madoka Sato. Rewriting Saves Extracted Summaries: Intelligent Text Summarization. American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 76-83, 1998.

[Kondo and Okumura, 1997] †

Keiko Kondo and Manabu Okumura. Summarization with Dictionary-based Paraphrasing. In Proceedings of the 5th Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium (NLPRS), pp. 649-652, 1997.

[Robin, 1996] †

Jacques Robin and Kathleen McKeown. Empirically Designing and Evaluating a New Revision-Based Model for Summary Generation. Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 85, No. 1-2, pp. 135-179, 1996.

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8.b. Subtitle generation (字幕生成) †

[松井ら, 2004] †

松井淳, 本間真一, 小早川健, 尾上和穂, 佐藤庄衛, 今井亨, 安藤彰男. 言い換えを利用したリスピーク方式によるスポーツ中継のリアルタイム字幕制作. 電子情報通信学会論文誌D-II, Vol. J87-D-II, No. 2, pp. 427-435, 2004.

[三上ら, 1999] †

三上真, 増山繁, 中川聖一. ニュース番組における字幕生成のための文内短縮による要約. 自然言語処理, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 65-81, 1999.

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8.c. Text simplification (テキスト簡単化) †

[Kajiwara, 2018] †

Tomoyuki Kajiwara. Text Simplification without Simplified Corpora. Ph.D. Thesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, pp. 2018.

[Kriz et al., 2018] †

Reno Kriz, Eleni Miltsakaki, Marianna Apidianaki, and Chris Callison-Burch. Simplification Using Paraphrases and Context-based Lexical Substitution. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 207-217, 2018.

[Ma et al., 2018] †

Shuming Ma, Xu Sun, Wei Li, Sujian Li, Wenjie Li, and Xuancheng Ren. Query and Output: Generating Words by Querying Distributed Word Representations for Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 196-206, 2018.

[Yiman and Biemann, 2018] †

Seid Muhie Yiman and Chris Biemann. Par4Sim: Adaptive Paraphrasing for Text Simplification. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 331-342, 2018.

[Zhao et al., 2018] †

Sanqiang Zhao, Rui Meng, Daqing He, Saptono Andi, and Parmanto Bambang. Integrating Transformer and Paraphrase Rules for Sentence Simplification. In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 3164-3173, 2018.

[Pavlick and Callison-Burch, 2016] †

Ellie Pavlick and Chris Callison-Burch. Simple PPDB: A Paraphrase Database for Simplification. In Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), short papers, pp. 143-148, 2016.

[Zhu et al., 2010] †

Zhemin Zhu, Delphine Bernhard, and Iryna Gurevych. A Monolingual Tree-based Translation Model for Sentence Simplification. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1353-1361, 2010.

[Feng, 2009] †

Lijun Feng. Automatic Readability Assessment for People with Intellectual Disabilities. ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing, Newsletter, Issue 93, pp. 84-91, 2009.

[Inui et al., 2003a] †

Kentaro Inui, Atsushi Fujita, Tetsuro Takahashi, Ryu Iida, and Tomoya Iwakura. Text Simplification for Reading Assistance: A Project Note. [IWP, 2003], pp. 9-16, 2003.

[Siddharthan, 2003a] †

Advaith Siddharthan. Preserving Discource Structure When Simplifying Text. In Proceedings of the 9th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (EWNLG), pp. 103-110, 2003.

[Siddharthan, 2003b] †

Advaith Siddharthan. Syntactic Simplification and Text Cohesion. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003.

[乾, 2001] †

乾健太郎. コミュニケーション支援のための言い換え. [言ワ, 2001], pp. 71-76, 2001.

[新森ら, 2001] †

新森昭宏, 齋藤豪, 奥村学. 特許請求項の可読性向上のための自動言い換えについての考察. [言ワ, 2001], pp. 65-70, 2001.

[Canning and Taito, 1999] †

Yvonne Canning and John Tait. Syntactic Simplification of Newspaper Text for Aphasic Readers. In Proceedings of the SIGIR Workshop on Customised Information Delivery, PSET - Practical Simplification of English Text, pp. 6-11, 1999.

[Carroll et al., 1998] †

John Carroll, Guido Minnen, Yvonne Canning, Siobhan Devlin, and John Tait. Practical Simplification of English Newspaper Text to Assist Aphasic Readers. In Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Assistive Technology, 1998.

[Chandrasekar et al., 1996] †

Raman Chandrasekar, Christine Doran and Srinivas Bangalore. Motivations and Methods for Text Simplification. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1041-1044, 1996.

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8.d. Revision support (推敲支援) †

[Feng, 2009] †

Lijun Feng. Automatic Readability Assessment for People with Intellectual Disabilities. ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing, Newsletter, Issue 93, pp. 84-91, 2009.

[Max and Zock, 2008] †

Aurélien Max and Michael Zock. Looking up Phrase Rephrasings via a Pivot Language. In Proceedings of the COLING Workshop on Cognitive Aspects of the Lexicon (COGALEX), pp. 77-85, 2008.

[Max, 2008] †

Aurélien Max. Local Rephrasing Suggestions for Supporting the Work of Writers. Advances in Natural Language Processing: 6th International Conference (GoTAL), pp. 324-335, 2008.

[Bolshakov and Gelbukh, 2004] †

Igor A. Bolshakov and Alexander Gelbukh. Synonymous Paraphrasing Using WordNet and Internet. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Applications of Natural Languages to Information Systems (LNCS-3136), pp. 312-323, 2004.

[横林ら, 2004] †

横林博, 菅沼明, 谷口倫一郎. 係り受けの複雑さの指標に基づく文の書き換え候補の生成と推敲支援への応用. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 1451-1459, 2004.

[武石ら, 1992] †

武石英二, 林良彦. 接続構造解析に基づく日本語複文の分割. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 652-663, 1992.

[林ら, 1991] †

林良彦, 菊井玄一郎. 日本文推敲支援システムにおける書換え支援機能の実現方式. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 32, No. 8, pp. 962-970, 1991.

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8.e. Application to MT (機械翻訳への応用: 前編集・後編集等) †

[Zhou et al., 2019] †

Zhong Zhou, Matthias Sperber, and Alexander Waibel. Paraphrases as Foreign Languages in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 2019.

[Apidianaki et al., 2018] †

Marianna Apidianaki, Guillaume Wisniewski, Anne Cocos, and Chris Callison-Burch. Automated Paraphrase Lattice Creation for HyTER Machine Translation Evaluation. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), short papers, pp. 480-485, 2018.

[Miyata and Fujita, 2017] †

Rei Miyata and Atsushi Fujita. Dissecting Human Pre-Editing toward Better Use of Off-the-Shelf Machine Translation Systems. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT), User studies papers, pp. 54-59, 2017.

[Sekizawa et al., 2017] †

Yuuki Sekizawa, Tomoyuki Kajiwara, and Mamoru Komachi. Improving Japanese-to-English Neural Machine Translation by Paraphrasing the Target Language. In Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Asian Translation (WAT), pp. 64-69, 2017.

[宮田ら, 2017] †

宮田玲, 藤田篤. 機械翻訳向けプリエディットの有効性と多様性の調査. 通訳翻訳研究への招待, Vol. 18, pp. 53-72, 2017.

[Chu and Kurohashi, 2016] †

Chenhui Chu and Sadao Kurohashi. Paraphrasing Out-of-Vocabulary Words with Word Embeddings and Semantic Lexicons for Low Resource Statistical Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 10th Conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 644-648, 2016.

[Zhang et al., 2016] †

Lilin Zhang, Zhen Weng, Wenyan Xiao, Jianyi Wan, Zhiming Chen, Yiming Tan, Maoxi Li, and Mingwen Wang. Extract Domain-specific Paraphrase from Monolingual Corpus for Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Machine Translation (WMT), pp. 508-514, 2016.

[Ma and McKeown, 2015] †

Wei-Yun Ma and Kathleen McKeown. System Combination for Machine Translation through Paraphrasing. In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1053-1058, 2015.

[Miyata et al., 2015] †

Rei Miyata, Anthony Hartley, Cécile Paris, Midori Tatsumi, and Kyo Kageura. Japanese Controlled Language Rules to Improve Machine Translatability of Municipal Documents. In Proceedings of the Machine Translation Summit XV, pp. 90-103, 2015.

[Seraj et al., 2015] †

Improving Statistical Machine Translation with a Multilingual Paraphrase Database. Ramtin Mehdizadeh Seraj, Maryam Siahbani, and Anoop Sarkar. In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1379-1390, 2015.

[Apidianaki, 2014] †

Marianna Apidianaki. Measuring the Adequacy of Cross-lingual Paraphrases in a Machine Translation Setting. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), Posters, pp. 63-72, 2014.

[Gupta and Orasan, 2014] †

Rohit Gupta, and Constantin Orasan. Incorporating Paraphrasing in Translation Memory Matching and Retrieval. In Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT), pp. 2014.

[Pal et al., 2014] †

Santanu Pal, Pintu Lohar, and Sudip Kumar Naskar. Role of Paraphrases in PB-SMT. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics (CICLing), pp. 242-253, 2014.

[Madnani and Dorr, 2013] †

Nitin Madnani and Bonnie Dorr. Generating Targeted Paraphrases for Improved Translation. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (Special Issue on Paraphrasing), Vol. 4, No. 3, Article 40, pp. 1-25, 2013.

[Marie and Max, 2013] †

Benjamin Marie and Aurélien Max. A Study in Greedy Oracle Improvement of Translation Hypotheses. In Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT), pp. 2013.

[Marton, 2013] †

Yuval Marton. Distributional Phrasal Paraphrase Generation for Statistical Machine Translation. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (Special Issue on Paraphrasing), Vol. 4, No. 3, Article 39, pp. 1-32, 2013.

[Razmara et al., 2013] †

Majid Razmara, Maryam Siahbani, Reza Haffari, and Anoop Sarkar. Graph Propagation for Paraphrasing Out-of-Vocabulary Words in Statistical Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 1105-1115, 2013.

[Resnik et al., 2013] †

Philip Resnik, Olivia Buzek, Yakov Kronrod, Chang Hu, Alexander J. Quinn, and Benjamin B. Bederson. Using Targeted Paraphrasing and Monolingual Crowdsourcing to Improve Translation. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (Special Issue on Paraphrasing), Vol. 4, No. 3, Article 38, pp. 1-21, 2013.

[He et al., 2012] †

Wei He, Hua Wu, Haifeng Wang, and Ting Liu. Improve SMT Quality with Automatically Extracted Paraphrase Rules. In Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 979-987, 2012.

[Simard and Fujita, 2012] †

Michel Simard and Atsushi Fujita. A Poor Man's Translation Memory Using Machine Translation Evaluation Metrics. In Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA), pp. 2012.

[He et al., 2011] †

Wei He, Shiqi Zhao, Haifeng Wang, and Ting Liu. Enriching SMT Training Data via Paraphrasing. In Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), pp. 803-810, 2011.

[Jiang et al., 2011] †

Jie Jiang, Jinhua Du, and Andy Way. Incorporating Source-Language Paraphrases into Phrase-Based SMT with Confusion Networks. In Proceedings of Fifth Workshop on Syntax, Semantics and Structure in Statistical Translation (SSST), pp. 31-40, 2011.

[Marton et al., 2011] †

Yuval Marton, Ahmed El Kholy, Nizar Habash. Filtering Antonymous, Trend-Contrtasting, and Polarity-Dissimilar Distributional Paraphrases for Improving Statistical Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT), pp. 237-249, 2011.

[Nakov and Ng, 2011] †

Preslav Nakov and Hwee Tou Ng. Translating from Morphologically Complex Languages: A Paraphrase-Based Approach. In Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 1298-1307, 2011.

[Salloum and Habash, 2011] †

Wael Salloum and Nizar Habash. Dialectal to Standard Arabic Paraphrasing to Improve Arabic-English Statistical Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the First Workshop on Algorithms and Resources for Modelling of Dialects and Language Varieties, pp. 10-21, 2011.

[Utiyama et al., 2011] †

Masao Utiyama, Graham Neubig, Takashi Onishi, and Eiichiro Sumita. Searching Translation Memories for Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 13th Machine Translation Summit, pp. 325-331, 2011.

[Buzek et al., 2010] †

Olivia Buzek, Philip Resnik, and Benjamin B. Bederson. Error Driven Paraphrase Annotation using Mechanical Turk. In Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Creating Speech and Language Data with Amazon's Mechanical Turk, pp. 217-221, 2010.

[Du et al., 2010] †

Jinhua Du, Jie Jiang, and Andy Way. Facilitating Translation Using Source Language Paraphrase Lattices. In Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 410-429, 2010.

[Madnani, 2010] †

Nitin Madnani. The Circle of Meaning: From Translation to Paraphrasing and Back. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Computer Science. University of Maryland College Park, 2010.

[Max, 2010] †

Aurélien Max. Example-based Paraphrasing for Improved Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 656-666, 2010.

[Nichols et al., 2010] †

Eric Nichols, Francis Bond, Darren Scott Appling, and Yuji Matsumoto. Paraphrasing Training Data for Statistical Machine Translation. 自然言語処理, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 101-122, 2010.

[Onishi et al., 2010] †

Takashi Onishi, Masao Utiyama, and Eiichiro Sumita. Paraphrase Lattice for Statistical Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), short papers, pp. 1-5, 2010.

[Resnik et al., 2010] †

Philip Resnik, Olivia Buzek, Chang Hu, Yakov Kronrod, Alex Quinn, and Benjamin B. Bederson. Improving Translation via Targeted Paraphrasing. In Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 127-137, 2010.

[Marton et al., 2009] †

Yuval Marton, Chris Callison-Burch, and Philip Resnik. Improved Statistical Machine Translation Using Monolingually-derived Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 381-390, 2009.

[Sakamoto et al., 2009] †

Akiko Sakamoto, Taiji Nagasaka, Takehito Utsuro, and Suguru Matsuyoshi. Identifying and Utilizing the Class of Monosemous Japanese Functional Expressions in Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 23rd Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation (PACLIC23), pp. 803-810, 2009.

[Bond et al., 2008] †

Francis Bond, Eric Nichols, Darren Scott Appling, and Michael Paul. Improving Statistical Machine Translation by Paraphrasing the Training Data. In Proceedings of the 2008 International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT), pp. 150-157, 2008.

[Madnani et al., 2008] †

Nitin Madnani, Philip Resnik, Bonnie J. Dorr, and Richard Schwartz. Are Multiple Reference Translations Necessary? Investigating the Value of Paraphrased Reference Translations in Parameter Optimization. In Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA), 2008.

[Nakov, 2008b] †

Preslav Nakov. Improved Statistical Machine Translation Using Monolingual Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI), pp. xxx-xxx, 2008.

[Madnani et al., 2007] †

Nitin Madnani, Necip Fazil Ayan, Philip Resnik, and Bonnie J. Dorr. Using Paraphrases for Parameter Tuning in Statistical Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT), pp. 120-127, 2007.

[Callison-Burch et al., 2006] †

Chris Callison-Burch, Philipp Koehn, and Miles Osborne. Improved Statistical Machine Translation Using Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 2006 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 17-24, 2006.

[Uchimoto et al., 2006] †

Kiyotaka Uchimoto, Naoko Hayashida, Toru Ishida, and Hitoshi Isahara. Automatic Detection and Semi-automatic Revision of Non-machine-translatable Parts of a Sentence. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 703-708, 2006.

[Finch et al., 2004] †

Andrew Finch, Taro Watanabe, Yasuhiro Akiba, and Eiichiro Sumita. Paraphrasing as Machine Translation. 自然言語処理, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 87-111, 2004.

[Shimohata, 2004] †

Mitsuo Shimohata. Acquiring Paraphrases from Corpora and Its Application to Machine Translation. Ph.D. Thesis, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 2004.

[Yamamoto, 2004] †

Kazuhide Yamamoto. Interaction between Paraphrase and Transfer for Spoken Language Translation. 自然言語処理, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 64-86, 2004.

[Kanayama, 2003] †

Hiroshi Kanayama. Paraphrasing Rules for Automatic Evaluation of Translation into Japanese. [IWP, 2003], pp. 88-93, 2003.

[Yamamoto, 2002a] †

Kazuhide Yamamoto. Machine Translation by Interaction between Paraphraser and Transfer. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1107-1113, 2002.

[Yamamoto, 2001] †

Kazuhide Yamamoto. Paraphrasing Spoken Japanese for Untangling Bilingual Transfer. In Proceedings of the 6th Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium (NLPRS), pp. 203-210, 2001.

[吉見, 2001] †

吉見毅彦. 英日機械翻訳における自然な和文生成のための英語名詞句の書き換え. 自然言語処理, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 55-70, 2001.

[Allen et al., 2000] †

Jeffery Allen and Christopher Hogan. Toward the Development of a Postediting Module for Raw Machine Translation Output. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications (CLAW), pp. 62-71, 2000.

[Nyberg and Mitamura, 2000] †

Eric Nyberg and Teruko Mitamura. The KANTOO Machine Translation Environment. In Proceedings of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas Conference (AMTA), pp. xxx-xxx, 2000.

[吉見ら, 2000a] †

吉見毅彦, 佐田いち子. 英字新聞記事見出し翻訳の自動前編集による改良. 自然言語処理, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 27-43, 2000.

[吉見ら, 2000b] †

吉見毅彦, 佐田いち子, 福持陽士. 頑健な英日機械翻訳システム実現のための原文自動前編集. 自然言語処理, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 99-117, 2000.

[Yoshimi and Sata, 1999] †

Takehiko Yoshimi and Ichiko Sata. Improvement of Translation Quality of English Newspaper Headlines by Automatic Preediting. In Proceedings of the 7th Machine Translation Summit (MT Summit), pp. 496-500, 1999.

[Shirai et al., 1998] †

Satoshi Shirai, Satoru Ikehara, Akio Yokoo, and Yoshifumi Ooyama. Automatic Rewriting Method for Internal Expressions in Japanese to English MT and Its Effects. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications (CLAW), pp. 62-75, 1998.

[徳田ら, 1998] †

徳田昌晃, 奥村学. 日本語から手話への機械翻訳における手話単語辞書の補完方法について. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 542-550, 1998.

[白井ら, 1995] †

白井諭, 池原悟, 河岡司, 中村行宏. 日英機械翻訳における原文自動書き替え型翻訳方式とその効果. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 12-21, 1995.

[Knight and Chander, 1994] †

Kevin Knight and Ishwar Chander. Automated Postediting of Documents. In Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 779-784, 1994.

[金ら, 1994] †

金淵培, 江原暉将. 日英機械翻訳のための日本語長文自動短文分割と主語の補完. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 1018-1028, 1994.

[Shirai et al., 1993] †

Satoshi Shirai, Satoru Ikehara, and Tsukasa Kawaoka. Effects of Automatic Rewriting of Source Language within a Japanese to English MT System. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI), pp. 226-239, 1993.

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8.f. IR and IE (情報検索，情報抽出) †

[Ferguson et al., 2018] †

James Ferguson, Colin Lockard, Daniel S. Weld, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. Semi-Supervised Event Extraction with Paraphrase Clusters. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), short papers, pp. 359-364, 2018.

[Zhang et al., 2015] †

Wei-Nan Zhang, Zhao-Yan Ming, Yu Zhang, Ting Liu, Tat-Seng Chua. Exploring Key Concept Paraphrasing based on Pivot Language Translation for Question Retrieval. In Proceedings of the 29th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 410-416, 2015.

[Wang et al., 2013] †

Chenguang Wang, Nan Duan, Ming Zhou, and Ming Zhang. Paraphrasing Adaptation for Web Search Ranking. In Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 41-46, 2013.

[熊本ら, 2008] †

熊本忠彦, 田中克己. 2種類の共起辞書を用いた語彙的言い換えに基づくWeb検索システム. 人工知能学会論文誌, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 355-363, 2008.

[Brun and Hagége, 2003] †

Caroline Brun and Caroline Hagége. Normalization and Paraphrasing Using Symbolic Methods. [IWP, 2003], pp. 41-48, 2003.

[Yoshikane et al., 2003] †

Fuyuki Yoshikane and Keita Tsuji and Kyo Kageura and Christian Jacquemin. Morpho-syntactic Rules for Detecting Japanese Term Variation: Establishment and Evaluation. 自然言語処理, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 3-32, 2003.

[Zukerman et al., 2003] †

Ingrid Zukerman, Sarah George, and Yingying Wen. Lexical Paraphrasing for Document Retrieval and Node Identification. [IWP, 2003], pp. 94-101, 2003.

[Zukerman and Raskutti, 2002] †

Ingrid Zukerman and Bhavani Raskutti. Lexical Query Paraphrasing for Document Retrieval. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. xxx-xxx, 2002.

[芳鐘ら, 2001] †

芳鐘冬樹, 辻慶太, 影浦峡, Christian Jacquemin. 統語・形態規則を用いた日本語専門用語異形の自動認識. [言ワ, 2001], pp. 37-40, 2001.

[白木ら, 2000] †

白木伸征, 黒橋禎夫. 自然言語入力と目次との柔軟な照合による図書検索システム. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 1162-1170, 2000.

[Anick and Tipirneni, 1999] †

Peter G. Anick and Suresh Tipirneni. The Paraphrase Search Assistant: Terminological Feedback for Iterative Information Seeking. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR), pp. 153-159, 1999.

[Jacquemin, 1999] †

Christian Jacquemin. Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Representations of Term Variation. In Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 341-348, 1999.

[Jacquemin et al., 1997] †

Christian Jacquemin, Judith L. Klavans, and Evelyne Tzoukermann. Expansion of Multi-word Terms for Indexing and Retrieval Using Morphology and Syntax. In Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 8th European Chapter of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-EACL), pp. 24-31, 1997.

[Culicover, 1968] †

Peter W. Culicover. Paraphrase Generation and Information Retrieval from Stored Text. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Vol. 11, No. 1-2, pp. 78-88, 1968.

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8.g. Question answering (質問応答) †

[Abujabal et al., 2019] †

Abdalghani Abujabal, Rishiraj Saha Roy, Mohamed Yahya, and Gerhard Weikum. ComQA: A Community-sourced Dataset for Complex Factoid Question Answering with Paraphrase Clusters. In Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 307-317, 2019.

[Dong et al., 2017] †

Li Dong, Jonathan Mallinson, Siva Reddy, and Mirella Lapata. Learning to Paraphrase for Question Answering. In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 875-886, 2017.

[Oh et al., 2015] †

Kyo-Joong Oh, Ho-Jin Choi, Gahgene Gweon, Jeong Heo, and Pum-Mo Ryu. Paraphrase Generation Based on Lexical Knowledge and Features for a Natural Language Question Answering System. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Big Data and Smart Computing (BigComp), pp. 35-38, 2015.

[Berant and Liang, 2014] †

Jonathan Berant and Percy Liang. Semantic Parsing via Paraphrasing. In Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 1415-1425, 2014.

[Fader et al., 2013] †

Anthony Fader, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Oren Etzioni. Paraphrase-Driven Learning for Open Question Answering. In Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 1608-1618, 2013.

[Duboue and Chu-Carroll, 2006] †

Pablo Ariel Duboue and Jennifer Chu-Carroll. Answering the Question You Wish They Had Asked: The Impact of Paraphrasing for Question Answering. In Proceedings of the 2006 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), short papers, pp. 33-36, 2006.

[Takahashi, 2005] †

Tetsuro Takahashi. Computation of Semantic Equivalence for Question Answering. Ph.D. Thesis, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 2005.

[Duclaye et al., 2003] †

Florence Duclaye, François Yvon, and Olivier Collin. Learning Paraphrases to Improve a Question-answering System. In Proceedings of the EACL Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Question-Answering, pp. 35-41, 2003.

[Ibrahim et al., 2003] †

Ali Ibrahim, Boris Katz, and Jimmy Lin. Extracting Structural Paraphrases from Aligned Monolingual Corpora. [IWP, 2003], pp. 57-64, 2003.

[Moldovan et al., 2003] †

Dan Moldovan and Christine Clark and Sanda Harabagiu and Steve Maiorano. COGEX: A Logic Prover for Question Answering. In Proceedings of the 2003 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 87-93, 2003.

[Rinaldi et al., 2003] †

Fabio Rinaldi, James Dowdall, Kaarel Kaljurand, Michael Hess, and Diego Mollà. Exploiting Paraphrases in a Question Answering System. [IWP, 2003], pp. 25-32, 2003.

[Takahashi et al., 2003] †

Tetsuro Takahashi, Kozo Nawata, Kentaro Inui, and Yuji Matsumoto. Effects of Structural Matching and Paraphrasing in Question Answering. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, Vol. E86-D, No. 9, pp. 1677-1685, 2003.

[Tomuro, 2003] †

Noriko Tomuro. Interrogative Reformulation Patterns and Acquisition of Question Paraphrases. [IWP, 2003], pp. 33-40, 2003.

[Dumais et al., 2002] †

Susan Dumais, Michele Banko, Eric Brill, Jimmy Lin, and Andrew Ng. Web Question Answering: Is More Always Better?. In Proceedings of the 25th Annual International ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR), pp. 291-298, 2002.

[Hermjakob et al., 2002] †

Ulf Hermjakob, Abdessamad Echibahi, and Daniel Marcu. Natural Language Based Reformulation Resource and Web Exploitation for Question Answering. In Proceedings of the 11th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC), 2002.

[Ravichandran and Hovy, 2002] †

Deepak Ravichandran and Eduard Hovy. Learning Surface Text Patterns for a Question Answering System. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 215-222, 2002.

[Radev et al., 2001b] †

Dragomir R. Radev, Hong Qi, Zhiping Zhen, Sasha Blair-Goldensohn, Zhu Zhang, Weiguo Fan, and John Prager. Mining the Web for Answers to Natural Language Questions. In Proceedings of the 10th International ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM), 2001.

[Tomuro and Lytinen, 2001] †

Noriko Tomuro and Steven L. Lytinen. Selecting Features for Paraphrasing Question Sentences. [NLPRSWS, 2001], pp. 55-62, 2001.

[McKeown, 1983] †

Kathleen R. McKeown. Paraphrasing Questions Using Given and New Information. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1983, pp. 1-10, 1983.

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8.h. Steganography (ステガノグラフィ) †

[Chang and Clark, 2010] †

Ching-Yun Chang and Stephen Clark. Linguistic Steganography Using Automatically Generated Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 2010 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 591-599, 2010.

[Bolshakov and Gelbukh, 2004] †

Igor A. Bolshakov and Alexander Gelbukh. Synonymous Paraphrasing Using WordNet and Internet. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Applications of Natural Languages to Information Systems (LNCS-3136), pp. 312-323, 2004.

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8.i. Text evaluation (テキスト評価) †

[Inui and Yamamoto, 2001b] †

Kentaro Inui and Satomi Yamamoto. Corpus-based Acquisition of Sentence Readability Ranking Models for Deaf People. In Proceedings of the 6th Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium (NLPRS), pp. 159-166, 2001.

[高橋ら, 1991] †

高橋善文, 牛島和夫. 計算機マニュアルのわかりやすさの定量的評価方法. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 460-469, 1991.

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8.j. Automatic evaluation of generated texts (テキストの自動評価) †

[Barančíková, 2014] †

Petra Barančíková. Parmesan: Meteor without Paraphrases with Paraphrased References. In Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT), pp. 355-361, 2014.

[Dreyer and Marcu, 2012] †

Markus Dreyer and Daniel Marcu. HyTER: Meaning-Equivalent Semantics for Translation Evaluation. In Proceedings of the 2012 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 162-171, 2012.

[Madnani et al., 2012] †

Nitin Madnani, Joel Tetreault, and Martin Chodorow. Re-examining Machine Translation Metrics for Paraphrase Identification. In Proceedings of the 2012 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 182-190, 2012.

[Denkowski and Lavie, 2011] †

Michael Denkowski and Alon Lavie. Meteor 1.3: Automatic Metric for Reliable Optimization and Evaluation fo Machine Translation Systems. In Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT), pp. 85-91, 2011.

[Madnani, 2010] †

Nitin Madnani. The Circle of Meaning: From Translation to Paraphrasing and Back. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Computer Science. University of Maryland College Park, 2010.

[平原ら, 2010] †

平原一帆, 難波英嗣, 竹澤寿幸, 奥村学. 言い換えを用いたテキスト要約の自動評価. 情報処理学会論文誌(TOD), Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 91-101, 2010.

[Snover et al., 2009] †

Matthew Snover, Nitin Madnani, Bonnie J. Dorr, and Richard Schwartz. Fluency, Adequacy, or HTER? Exploring Different Human Judgments with a Tunable MT Metric. In Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT), pp. 259-268, 2009.

[Callison-Burch, 2007] †

Chris Callison-Burch. Paraphrasing and Translation. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007.

[Kauchak and Barzilay, 2006] †

David Kauchak and Regina Barzilay. Paraphrasing for Automatic Evaluation. In Proceedings of the 2006 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 455-462, 2006.

[Zhou et al., 2006a] †

Liang Zhou, Chin-Yew Lin, Dragos Stefan Munteanu, and Eduard Hovy. ParaEval: Using Paraphrases to Evaluate Summaries Automatically. In Proceedings of the 2006 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 447-454, 2006.

[Zhou et al., 2006b] †

Liang Zhou, Chin-Yew Lin, and Eduard Hovy. Re-evaluating Machine Translation Results with Paraphrase Support. In Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 77-84, 2006.

[Hirao et al., 2005] †

Ttsutomu Hirao, Manabu Okumura, and Hideki Isozaki. Kernel-based Approach for Automatic Evaluation of Natural Language Generation Technologies: Application to Automatic Summarization. In Proceedings of Human Language Technology Conference and Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (HLT/EMNLP), pp. 145-152, 2005.

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8.k. Human-computer dialogue (コンピュータとの対話) †

[Yaghoub-Zadeh-Fard et al., 2019] †

Mohammad-Ali Yaghoub-Zadeh-Fard, Boualem Benatallah, Moshe ChaiBarukh, and Shayan Zamanirad. A Study of Incorrect Paraphrases in Crowdsourced User Utterances. In Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), pp. 295-306, 2019.

[Gardent and Barahona, 2013] †

Claire Gardent and Lina M. Rojas Barahona. Using Paraphrases and Lexical Semantics to Improve the Accuracy and the Robustness of Supervised Models in Situated Dialogue Systems. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 2013.

8.l. Text-to-speech (音声合成) †

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8.z. Other applications (その他のアプリケーション) †

[Li et al., 2019a] †

Christy Yuan Li, Xiaodan Lian, Zhiting Hu, and Eric P. Xing. Knowledge-Driven Encode, Retrieve, Paraphrase for Medical Image Report Generation. In Proceedings of the 33rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 2019.

[Cocos et al., 2018] †

Anne Cocos, Veronica Wharton, Ellie Pavlick, Marianna Apidianaki, and Chris Callison-Burch. Learning Scalar Adjective Intensity from Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1752-1762, 2018.

[Plachouras et al., 2018] †

Vassilis Plachouras, Fabio Petroni, Timothy Nugent, and Jochen L. Leidner. A Comparison of Two Paraphrase Models for Taxonomy Augmentation. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), short papers, pp. 315-320, 2018.

[Ribeiro et al., 2019] †

Marco Tulio Ribeiro, Sameer Singh, and Carlos Guestrin. Semantically Equivalent Adversarial Rules for Debugging NLP Models. In Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 856-865, 2018.

[Choe and McClosky, 2015] †

Do Kook Choe and David McClosky. Parsing Paraphrases with Joint Inference. In Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, pp. 1223-1233, 2015.

[Pavlick and Nenkova, 2015] †

Ellie Pavlick and Ani Nenkova. Inducing Lexical Style Properties for Paraphrase and Genre Differentiation . In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 218-224, 2015.

[Pavlick et al., 2015c] †

Ellie Pavlick, Travis Wolfe, Pushpendre Rastogi, Chris Callison-Burch, Mark Dredze, and Benjamin Van Durme. FrameNet+: Fast Paraphrastic Tripling of FrameNet . In Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP), short papers, pp. 408-413, 2015.

[Stein et al., 2014] †

Benno Stein, Matthias Hagen, and Christof Bräutigam. Generating Acrostics via Paraphrasing and Heuristic Search. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 2014.

[Klebanov et al., 2013] †

Beata Beigman Klebanov, Nitin Madnani, and Jill Burstein. Using Pivot-based Paraphrasing and Sentiment Profiles to Improve a Subjectivity Lexicon for Essay Data. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL), Vol. 1, pp. 99-110, 2013.

[Petrović et al., 2012] †

Saša Petrović, Miles Osborne, and Victor Lavrenko. Using Paraphrases for Improving First Story Detection in News and Twitter. In Proceedings of the 2012 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 338-346, 2012.

[Xu et al., 2012] †

Wei Xu, Alan Ritter, William B. Dolan, Ralph Grishman, and Colin Cherry. Paraphrasing for Style. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 2899-2914, 2012.

[Liu and Seneff, 2009] †

Jingjing Liu and Stephanie Seneff. Review Sentiment Scoring via a Parse-and-paraphrase Paradigm. In Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 161-169, 2009.

[Inui et al., 2003b] †

Hiroko Inui, Masao Utiyama, and Hitoshi Isahara. Criterion for Judging Request Intention in Response Texts of Open-ended Questionnaires. [IWP, 2003], pp. 49-56, 2003.

[Higashinaka and Nagao, 2002] †

Ryuichiro Higashinaka and Katashi Nagao. Interactive Paraphrasing Based on Linguistic Annotation. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1218-1222, 2002.

[Masuda, 2001] †

Hidetaka Masuda, Daisuke Yasutomi, and Hiroshi Nakagawa. How to Transform Tables in HTML for Displaying on Mobile Terminals. [NLPRSWS, 2001], pp. 29-36, 2001.

[東中ら, 2001] †

東中竜一郎, 長尾確. オンライン文書のインタラクティブ・パラフレーズ. [言ワ, 2001], pp. 81-84, 2001.

[渡辺ら, 2001] †

渡部聡彦, 武井純孝, 中川裕志. 携帯端末へのカタログ的情報の表示のための言い換え方策. [言ワ, 2001], pp. 85-88, 2001.

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9. Evaluation of paraphrases (言い換えの評価) †

[Weese et al., 2014] †

Jonathan Weese, Juri Ganitkevitch, and Chris Callison-Burch. PARADIGM: Paraphrase Diagnostics through Grammar Matching. In Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL), pp. 192-201, 2014.

[Sun and Zhou, 2012] †

Hong Sun and Ming Zhou. Joint Learning of a Dual SMT System for Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), short papers, pp. 38-42, 2012.

[Chen and Dolan, 2011] †

David L. Chen and William B. Dolan. Collecting Highly Parallel Data for Paraphrase Evaluation. In Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 190-200, 2011.

[Shima and Mitamura, 2011] †

Hideki Shima and Teruko Mitamura. Diversity-aware Evaluation for Paraphrase Patterns. [TextInfer, 2011], pp. 35-39, 2011.

[Liu et al., 2010] †

Chang Liu, Daniel Dahlmeier, and Hwee Tou Ng. PEM: A Paraphrase Evaluation Metric Exploiting Parallel Texts. In Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 923-932, 2010.

[Callison-Burch et al., 2008] †

Chris Callison-Burch, Trevor Cohn, and Mirella Lapata. ParaMetric: An Automatic Evaluation Metric for Paraphrasing. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 97-104, 2008.

[Cohn et al., 2008] †

Trevor Cohn, Chris Callison-Burch, and Mirella Lapata. Constructing Corpora for the Development and Evaluation of Paraphrase Systems. Computational Linguistics, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 597-614, 2008.

10. Related fields (関連分野) †

10.a. Machine translation (機械翻訳) †

[Lepage and Denoual, 2005b] †

Yves Lepage and Etienne Denoual. Automatic Generation of Paraphrases to be Used as Translation References in Objective Evaluation Measures of Machine Translation. [IWP, 2005], pp. 57-64, 2005.

[Wahlster, 2000] †

Wolfgang Wahlster. Verbmobil: foundations of speech-to-speech translation. Springer-Verlag, 2000.

[Kay, 1999] †

Martin Kay. Chart Translation. In Proceedings of the 7th Machine Translation Summit (MT Summit), pp. 9-14, 1999.

[Dorna et al., 1998] †

Michael Dorna, Anette Frank, Josef van Genabith, and Martin C. Emele. Syntactic and Semantic Transfer with F-structures. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (ACL-COLING), pp. 341-347, 1998.

[Emele and Dorna, 1998] †

Martin C. Emele and Michael Dorna. Ambiguity Preserving Machine Translation Using Packed Representation. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (ACL-COLING), pp. 365-371, 1998.

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10.b. Verb alternation (動詞交替) †

[小野, 2007] †

小野経男. 英語類義動詞の構文事典. 大修館書店, 2007.

[藤田ら, 2005s] †

藤田早苗, Francis Bond. 交替の特徴調査と二言語結合価エントリ獲得への利用. 自然言語処理, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 67-89, 2005.

[影山, 2002] †

影山太郎. 非対格構造の他動詞: 意味と統語のインターフェイス. 伊藤たかね(編) 文法理論: レキシコンと統語, 東京大学出版会, pp. 119-145, 2002.

[影山, 2001] †

影山太郎. 日英対照 動詞の意味と構文. 大修館書店, 2001.

[Baldwin and Tanaka, 2000] †

Timothy Baldwin and Hozumi Tanaka. Verb Alternations and Japanese - How, What and Where?. In Proceedings of the 14th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation (PACLIC), pp. 3-14, 2000.

[影山, 1996] †

影山太郎. 動詞意味論: 言語と認知の接点. くろしお出版, 1996.

[Levin, 1993] †

Beth Levin. English verb classes and alternations: a preliminary investigation. The University Chicago Press, 1993.

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10.c. Language generation (言語生成) †

[White, 2012] †

Michael White. Shared Task Proposal: Syntactic Paraphrase Ranking. In Proceedings of the 7th International Natural Language Generation Conference (INLG), pp. 150-153, 2012.

[Barzilay, 2003c] †

Regina Barzilay. Information Fusion for Multidocument Summarization: Paraphrasing and Generation. Ph.D. Thesis, Columbia University, 2003.

[Kozlowski et al., 2003] †

Raymond Kozlowski and Kathleen F. MaCoy and K. Vijay-Shanker. Generation of Single-sentence Paraphrases from Predicate/argument Structure Using Lexico-grammatical Resources. [IWP, 2003], pp. 1-8, 2003.

[Inui and Nogami, 2001] †

Kentaro Inui and Masaru Nogami. A Paraphrase-based Exploration of Cohesiveness Criteria. In Proceedings of the 8th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (EWNLG), pp. 101-110, 2001.

[Bangalore and Ranbow, 2000] †

Srinivas Bangalore and Owen Rambow. Corpus-based Lexical Choice in Natural Language Generation. In Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 464-471, 2000.

[Stede, 1999] †

Manfred Stede. Lexical semantics and knowledge representation in multilingual text generation. Kluwer Academic Press, 1999.

[乾, 1999] †

乾健太郎. 文章生成. 自然言語処理 -基礎と応用電子情報通信学会, 第4章, pp. 116-158, 1999.

[Beale et al., 1998] †

Stephen Beale, Sergei Nirenburg, Evelyne Viegas, and Leo Wanner. De-constraining Text Generation. In Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation (INLG), pp. 48-57, 1998.

[Langkilde and Knight, 1998] †

Irene Langkilde and Kevin Knight. Generation that Exploits Corpus-based Statistical Knowledge. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (ACL-COLING), pp. 704-710, 1998.

[Robin, 1996] †

Jacques Robin and Kathleen McKeown. Empirically Designing and Evaluating a New Revision-Based Model for Summary Generation. Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 85, No. 1-2, pp. 135-179, 1996.

[Shemtov, 1996] †

Hadar Shemtov. Generation of Paraphrases from Ambiguous Logical Forms. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 919-924, 1996.

[Knight and Hatzivassiloglou, 1995] †

Kevin Knight and Vasileios Hatzivassiloglou. Two-level, Many-paths Generation. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 252-260, 1995.

[Cawsey, 1993] †

Alison Cawsey. Explanation and interaction. MIT Press, 1993.

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10.d. Meaning-Text Theory (Meaning-Text Theory) †

[Mel'čuk, 2015] †

Igor Mel'čuk. Semantics: From meaning to text Volume 3. John Benjamins Publishing, 2015.

[Mel'čuk, 2013] †

Igor Mel'čuk. Semantics: From meaning to text Volume 2. John Benjamins Publishing, 2013.

[Mel'čuk, 2012] †

Igor Mel'čuk. Semantics: From meaning to text. John Benjamins Publishing, 2012.

[Milićević, 2007] †

Jasmina Milićević. Semantic Equivalence Rules in Meaning-Text Paraphrasing. Wanner (Ed.) Selected Lexical and Grammatical Issues in the Meaning-Text Theory, John Benjamins Publishing, pp. 267-296, 2007.

[Wanner, 2007] †

Leo Wanner. Selected Lexical and Grammatical Issues in the Meaning-Text Theory. John Benjamins Publishing, 2007.

[Wanner, 1997] †

Leo　Wanner. Recent trends in meaning-text theory. John Benjamins Publishing, 1997.

[Iordanskaja et al., 1996] †

Lidija Iordanskaja, Myunghee Kim, and Alain Polguère. Some Procedural Problems in the Implementation of Lexical Functions for Text Generation. Wanner (Ed.) Lexical Functions in Lexicography and Natural Language Processing, John Benjamin Publishing, pp. 279-297, 1996.

[Mel'čuk, 1996] †

Igor Mel'čuk. Lexical Functions: A Tool for the Description of Lexical Relations in a Lexicon. Wanner (Ed.) Lexical Functions in Lexicography and Natural Language Processing, John Benjamin Publishing, pp. 37-102, 1996.

[Wanner, 1996] †

Leo　Wanner. Lexical functions in lexicography and natural language processing. John Benjamins Publishing, 1996.

[Wanner, 1994] †

Leo　Wanner. Current issues in meaning-text theory. Pinter, London, 1994.

[Iordanskaja et al., 1992] †

Lidija Iordanskaja, Myunhee Kim, Richard Kittredge, Benoit Lavoie, and Alain Polguère. Generation of Extended Bilingual Statistical Reports. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1019-1023, 1992.

[Iordanskaja et al., 1991] †

Lidija Iordanskaja, Richard Kittredge, and Alain Polguère. Lexical Selection and Paraphrase in a Meaning-text Generation Model. Paris, Swartout, Mann (Eds.) Natural language generation in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics, Kluwer Academic Press, pp. 293-312, 1991.

[Mel'čuk and Polgère, 1987] †

Igor Mel'čuk and Alain Polguère. A Formal Lexicon in Meaning-text Theory (or How to Do Lexica with Words). Computational Linguistics, Vol. 13, No. 3-4, pp. 261-275, 1987.

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10.e. Semantic disambiguation (曖昧性解消の手段・結果) †

[Arthur et al., 2015] †

Philip Arthur, Graham Neubig, Sakriani Sakti, Tomoki Toda, and Satoshi Nakamura. Semantic Parsing of Ambiguous Input through Paraphrasing and Verification. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL), Vol. 3, pp. 571-584, 2015.

[村田ら, 2000] †

村田真樹, 山本専, 黒橋禎夫, 井佐原均, 長尾真. 名詞句「AのB」「AB」の用例を利用した換喩解析. 人工知能学会誌, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 503-510, 2000.

[Kurohashi and Sakai, 1999] †

Sadao Kurohashi and Yasuyuki Sakai. Semantic Analysis of Japanese Noun Phrases: A New Approach to Dictionary-based Understanding. In Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 481-488, 1999.

[奥, 1990] †

奥雅博. 日本文解析における述語相当の慣用的表現の扱い. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 31, No. 12, pp. 1727-1734, 1990.

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10.f. Causality understanding (因果関係理解) †

[Torisawa, 2006] †

Kentaro Torisawa. Acquiring Inference Rules with Temporal Constraints by Using Japanese Coordinated Sentences and Noun-verb Co-occurrences. In Proceedings of the 2006 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 57-64, 2006.

[鳥澤, 2006] †

鳥澤健太郎. 対象の用途と準備を表す表現の自動獲得. 自然言語処理, Vol.13, No.2, pp. 125-144, 2006.

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10.i. Honorifics (敬語) †

[学研, 2005] †

学研辞典編集部. 敬語言い換え辞典. 学習研究社, 2005.

[白土ら, 2003] †

白土保, 丸元聡子, 井佐原均. 敬語に対する認識の混乱に関する定量的分析. 計量国語学, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 65-80, 2003.

[Ohtake and Yamamoto, 2001] †

Kiyonori Ohtake and Kazuhide Yamamoto. Paraphrasing Honorifics. [NLPRSWS, 2001], pp. 13-20, 2001.

[蒲谷ら, 1998] †

蒲谷宏, 川口義一, 坂本惠. 敬語表現. 大修館書店, 1998.

[Show/Hide misc]

11. Language learning (学習教材) †

[和泉ら, 2005] †

和泉絵美, 内元清貴, 井佐原均. 学習者コーパスからの表現のバリエーションの抽出と言い換えストラテジー指導への利用. 自然言語処理, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 193-210, 2005.

[植木ら, 1997a] †

植木香, 植田幸子, 野口和美. アジア学生文化協会留学生日本語コース 完全マスター2級 日本語能力試験文法問題対策. スリーエーネットワーク, 1997.

[植木ら, 1997b] †

植木香, 植田幸子, 野口和美. アジア学生文化協会留学生日本語コース 完全マスター1級 日本語能力試験文法問題対策. スリーエーネットワーク, 1997.

[友松ら, 1996] †

友松悦子, 和栗雅子, 宮本淳. どんな時どう使う 日本語表現文型500. アルク, 1996.

[白寄ら, 1996] †

白寄まゆみ, 入内島一美. 日本語能力試験対応 文法問題集1級・2級. 桐原ユニ, 1996.

[森田ら, 1989] †

森田良行, 松木正恵. 日本語表現文型. アルク, 1989.

12. Related resources and references (関連リソース，読本) †

[国立国語研究所, 2006] †

国立国語研究所「外来語」委員会. 分かりやすく伝える 外来語言い換え手引き. ぎょうせい, 2006.

[藤田, 2006] †

藤田英時. 英語"実践!言い換え表現". 宝島社, 2006.

[学研, 2005] †

学研辞典編集部. 敬語言い換え辞典. 学習研究社, 2005.

[杉並区役所, 2005] †

杉並区役所区長室総務課. 外来語・役所ことば言い換え帳. ぎょうせい, 2005.

[Carl and Way, 2003] †

Michael Carl and Andy Way. Recent advances in example-based machine translation. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

[Papineni et al., 2002] †

Kishore Papineni and Salim Roukos and Todd Ward and Wei-Jing Zhu. BLEU: a Method for Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 311-318, 2002.

[Voorhees, 2001] †

Ellen M. Voorhees. Overview of the TREC 2001 Question Answering Track. In Proceedings of the 10th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC), pp. 42-51, 2001.

[広瀬ら, 2001] †

広瀬正宜, 庄司香久子. Kodansha's effective Japanese usage dictionary. 講談社, 2001.

[Allan et al., 1998] †

James Allan, Jaime Carbonell, George Doddington, Jonathan Yamron, and Yiming Yang. Topic Detection and Tracking Pilot Study: Final Report. In Proceedings of the Broadcast News Understanding and Transcription Workshop, pp. 194-218, 1998.

[池原ら, 1997] †

池原悟, 宮崎正弘, 白井諭, 横尾昭男, 中岩浩巳, 小倉健太郎, 大山芳史, 林良彦. 日本語語彙大系: CD-ROM版. 岩波書店, 1997.

[Clark, 1992] †

Eve Vivienne Clark. Conventionality and Contrast: Pragmatic Principles with Lexical Consequences. Kittay and Lehrer (Eds.), Frames, fields, and contrasts: New essays in semantic and lexical organization, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 171-188, 1992.

[Miller et al., 1990] †

George A. Miller, Richard Beckwith, Christiane Fellbaum, Derek Gross, and Katherine Miller. Introduction to WordNet: An On-line Lexical Database. International Journal of Lexicography, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 235-244, 1990.

[Hovy, 1988] †

Eduard H. Hovy. Generating natural language under pragmatic constraints. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988.

[Harris, 1981] †

Zellig Harris. Co-occurrence and Transformation in Linguistic Structure. Hiz (Ed.) Papers on Syntax, D. Reidel Publishing, pp. 143-210, 1981.

[大野ら, 1981] †

大野晋, 浜西正人. 角川類語新辞典. 角川書店, 1981.

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etc. Un-classified (その他, 未分類) †

[Gan and Ng, 2019] †

Wee Chung Gan and Hwee Tou Ng. Improving the Robustness of Question Answering Systems to Question Paraphrasing. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 6065-6075, 2019.

[Jain et al., 2019] †

Parag Jain, Abhijit Mishra, Amar Prakash Azad, and Karthik Sankaranarayanan. Unsupervised Controllable Text Formalization. In Proceedings of the 33rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 2019.

[Li et al., 2019b] †

Zichao Li, Xin Jiang, Lifeng Shang, and Qun Liu. Decomposable Neural Paraphrase Generation. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 3403-3414, 2019.

[Ouyang and McKeown, 2019] †

Jessica Ouyang and Kathy McKeown. Neural Network Alignment for Sentential Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 4724-4735, 2019.

[Wang et al., 2019] †

Su Wang, Rahul Gupta, Nancy Chang, and Jason Baldridge. A Task in a Suit and a Tie: Paraphrase Generation with Semantic Augmentation. In Proceedings of the 33rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 2019.

[Wieting et al., 2019] †

John Wieting, Kevin Gimpel, Graham Neubig, and Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick. Simple and Effective Paraphrastic Similarity from Parallel Translations. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 4602-4608, 2019.

[Moritz and Steding, 2018] †

Maria Moritz and David Steding. Lexical and Semantic Features for Cross-lingual Text Reuse Classification: an Experiment in English and Latin Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1976-1980, 2018.

[Kumaran et al., 2014] †

A Kumaran, Melissa Densmore, and Shaishav Kumar. Online Gaming for Crowd-sourcing Phrase-equivalents. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 2014.

[Rus et al., 2014] †

Vasile Rus, Rajendra Banjade, and Mihai Lintean. On Paraphrase Identification Corpora. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 2422-2429, 2014.

[Bouamor et al., 2013] †

Houda Bouamor, Aurélien Max, and Anne Vilnat. Multitechnique Paraphrase Alignment: A Contribution to Pinpointing Sub-sentential Paraphrases. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (Special Issue on Paraphrasing), Vol. 4, No. 3, Article 44, pp. 1-27, 2013.

[Demir et al., 2013] †

Seniz Demir, Ilknur Durgar El-Kahlout, and Erdem Unal. A Case Study Towards Turkish Paraphrase Alignment. In Proceedings of the 14th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (EWNLG), pp. 188-192, 2013.

[Martzoukos and Monz, 2012] †

Spyros Martzoukos and Christof Monz. Power-Law Distributions for Paraphrases Extracted from Bilingual Corpora. In Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for computational Linguistics (EACL), pp. 2012.

[Nergi et al., 2012] †

Matteo Negri, Yashar Mehdad, Alessandro Marchetti, Danilo Giampiccolo, and Luisa Bentivogli. Chinese Whispers: Cooperative Paraphrase Acquisition. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 2012.

[Bouamor et al., 2011a] †

Houda Bouamor, Aurélien Max, and Anne Vilnat. Monolingual Alignment by Edit Rate Computation on Sentential Paraphrase Pairs. In Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), short papers, pp. 395-400, 2011.

[Dahlmeier and Ng, 2011] †

Daniel Dahlmeier and Hwee Tou Ng. Correcting Semantic Collocation Errors with L1-induced Paraphrases. In Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 107-117, 2011.

[Malakasiotis, 2011] †

Prodromos Malakasiotis. Paraphrase and Textual Entailment Recognition and Generation. Ph.D. Thesis, Athens University of Economics and Business, 2011.

[Metzler et al., 2011] †

Donald Metzler, Eduard Hovy, and Chunliang Zhang. An Empirical Evaluation of Data-Driven Paraphrase Generation Techniques. In Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), short papers, pp. 546-551, 2011.

[Barreiro, 2010] †

Anabela Barreiro. Make it Simple with Paraphrases: Automated Paraphrases for Authoring Aids and Machine Translation. Lambert Academic Publishing, 2010.

[Heilman and Smith, 2010] †

Michael Heilman and Noah A. Smith. Tree Edit Models for Recognizing Textual Entailments, Paraphrases, and Answers to Questions. In Proceedings of the 2010 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 1011-1019, 2010.

[Mehdad et al., 2010] †

Yashar Mehdad, Alessandro Moschitti, and Fabio Massimo Zanzotto. Syntactic/Semantic Structures for Textual Entailment Recognition. In Proceedings of the 2010 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 1020-1028, 2010.

[Shutova, 2010] †

Ekaterina Shutova. Automatic Metaphor Interpretation as a Paraphrasing Task. In Proceedings of the 2010 Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL), pp. 1029-1037, 2010.

[Bollegala et al., 2009] †

Danushka Bollegala, Yutaka Matsuo, and Mitsuru Ishizuka. Measuring the Similarity between Implicit Semantic Relations from the Web. In Proceedings of the 18th World Wide Web Conference (WWW), pp. 651-660, 2009.

[Chevelu et al., 2009a] †

Jonathan Chevelu, Thomas Lavergne, Yves Lepage, and Thierry Moudenc. Introduction of a New Paraphrase Generation Tools Based on Monte-carlo Sampling. In Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP), short papers, pp. 249-252, 2009.

[Poon and Domingos, 2009] †

Hoifung Poon and Pedro Domingos. Unsupervised Semantic Parsing. In Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1-10, 2009.

[Deléger and Zweigenbaum, 2008] †

Louise Deléger and Pierre Zweigenbaum. Paraphrase Acquisition from Comparable Medical Corpora of Specialized and Lay Texts. In Proceedings of the Annual Symposium of American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA), pp. 146-150, 2008.

[鎌田ら, 2008] †

鎌田美千子, 仁科喜久子. 日本語学習者のパラフレーズと文章の難易度. 言語処理学会第14回年次大会併設ワークショップ「教育・学習を支援する言語処理」論文集, pp. 55-58, 2008.

[伊藤, 2007] †

伊藤健人. 日本語教育における言い換え -二つの方向性と多様性-. 日本語学, Vol. 26, No. 11, pp. 14-26, 2007.

[佐野, 2007] †

佐野大樹. 学術的表現への言い換え-教育現場での選択体系機能言語理論-. 日本語学, Vol. 26, No. 11, pp. 60-71, 2007.

[古川, 2007] †

古川裕. 中国語における新生語句の生成と転生の諸相 -復古と外来の圧力下で-. 日本語学, Vol. 26, No. 11, pp. 36-48, 2007.

[滝浦, 2007] †

滝浦真人. "名指す"ことと"述べる"こと -「ことばの言い換え」論のために-. 日本語学, Vol. 26, No. 11, pp. 4-12, 2007.

[高田, 2007] †

高田智和. 漢字と書き換え. 日本語学, Vol. 26, No. 11, pp. 27-35, 2007.

[乾ら, 2006a] †

乾健太郎, 藤田篤. 言い換え計算モデルの工学的実現への語彙意味論的アプローチ. レキシコンフォーラム, No. 2, pp. 27-55, 2006.

[Hallett and Scott, 2005] †

Catalina Hallett and Donia Scott. Structural Variation in Generated Health Reports. [IWP, 2005], pp. 33-40, 2005.

[Zhang and Yamamoto, 2005] †

Yujie Zhang and Kazuhide Yamamoto. Paraphrasing Spoken Chinese Using a Paraphrase Corpus. Natural Language Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 417-434, 2005.

[千田ら, 2005] †

千田恭子, 篠原靖志, 奥村学. 技術成果を効果的に伝える表題作成支援方法: 開発と評価. 情報処理学会論文誌, Vol. 46, No. 11, pp. 2728-2743, 2005.

[芳鐘ら, 2005] †

芳鐘冬樹, 井田正明, 野澤孝之, 宮崎和光, 喜多一. 言い換え表現抽出に基づく関連用語収集手法のシラバス検索システムへの応用. 名古屋大学附属図書館研究年報, Vol. 3, pp. 15-22, 2005.

[Zhang and Yamamoto, 2002] †

Yujie Zhang and Kazuhide Yamamoto. Paraphrasing of Chinese Utterances. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 1163-1169, 2002.

[Barnard et al., 1995] †

David T. Barnard, Gwen Clarke, and Nicholas Duncan. Tree-to-tree Correction for Document Trees. Technical Report 95-372, Queen's University, 1995.

[De Beaugrande and Dressler, 1981] †

Robert-Alain de Beaugrande and Wolfgang Dressler. Introduction to Text Linguistics. Longman, 1981.

[Klein, 1965] †

Sheldon Klein. Automatic Paraphrasing in Essay Format. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Vol. 8, No. 3-4, pp. 68-83, 1965.

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